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Osteopenia, known as "low bone mass" or "low bone density", is a condition in which bone mineral density is low. [1] Because their bones are weaker, people with osteopenia may have a higher risk of fractures , and some people may go on to develop osteoporosis . [ 2 ]
In particular, physical exercise can be beneficial for bone density in postmenopausal women, [143] and lead to a slightly reduced risk of a bone fracture (absolute difference 4%). [144] Weight bearing exercise has been found to cause an adaptive response in the skeleton, [145] promoting osteoblast activity and protecting bone density. [146]
Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s) a-, an-not, without (alpha privative) Greek ἀ-/ἀν-(a-/an-), not, without analgesic, apathy, anencephaly: ab-from; away from Latin abduction, abdomen: abdomin-of or relating to the abdomen: Latin abdōmen, abdomen, fat around the belly abdomen, abdominal -ac: pertaining to; one afflicted with
A scanner used to measure bone density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone density, or bone mineral density, is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue.The concept is of mass of mineral per volume of bone (relating to density in the physics sense), although clinically it is measured by proxy according to optical density per square centimetre of bone surface upon imaging. [1]
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a measure commonly used to quantify bone health. A lower BMD value indicates an increased risk of an osteoporosis or a fracture. [13] There is a large range of factors influencing BMD. Protein consumption has shown to be beneficial for bone density by providing amino acid substrates necessary for bone matrix formation.
Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), sometimes referred to as marrow adipose tissue (MAT), is a type of fat deposit in bone marrow.It increases in states of low bone density, such as osteoporosis, [1] [2] anorexia nervosa/caloric restriction, [3] [4] skeletal unweighting such as that which occurs in space travel, [5] [6] and anti-diabetes therapies. [7]
In response to the increased bone resorption, there is increased bone formation and a high-turnover state develops which leads to bone loss and perforation of the trabecular plates. [20] As osteoclasts break down bone, patients see a loss of bone mineral density (BMD). Low BMD renders bones more brittle and hence susceptible to fracture.
A typical fat cell is 0.1 mm in diameter [2] with some being twice that size, and others half that size. However, these numerical estimates of fat cell size depend largely on the measurement method and the location of the adipose tissue. [2] The fat stored is in a semi-liquid state, and is composed primarily of triglycerides, and cholesteryl ester.