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Price and total revenue have a negative relationship when demand is elastic (price elasticity > 1), which means that increases in price will lead to decreases in total revenue. Price changes will not affect total revenue when the demand is unit elastic (price elasticity = 1). Maximum total revenue is achieved where the elasticity of demand is 1.
Total costs = fixed costs + (unit variable cost × number of units) Total revenue = sales price × number of unit. These are linear because of the assumptions of constant costs and prices, and there is no distinction between units produced and units sold, as these are assumed to be equal.
In the linear Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis model (where marginal costs and marginal revenues are constant, among other assumptions), the break-even point (BEP) (in terms of Unit Sales (X)) can be directly computed in terms of Total Revenue (TR) and Total Costs (TC) as:
The Unit Contribution Margin (C) is Unit Revenue (Price, P) minus Unit Variable Cost (V): C = P − V {\displaystyle C=P-V} [ 1 ] The Contribution Margin Ratio is the percentage of Contribution over Total Revenue, which can be calculated from the unit contribution over unit price or total contribution over Total Revenue:
Profit maximization using the total revenue and total cost curves of a perfect competitor. To obtain the profit maximizing output quantity, we start by recognizing that profit is equal to total revenue minus total cost (). Given a table of costs and revenues at each quantity, we can either compute equations or plot the data directly on a graph.
is the Total Revenue (a money amount). is the marginal product (units created with the marginal labor time and effort). is the amount of goods (a measure of the quantity or volume sold). is marginal revenue (the money revenue received from the marginal product produced).
It is shown graphically as the point where the total revenue and total cost curves meet. In the linear case the break-even point is equal to the fixed costs divided by the contribution margin per unit. The break-even point is achieved when the generated profits match the total costs accumulated until the date of profit generation.
This is to be contrasted with the "bottom line" which denotes net income (gross revenues minus total expenses). [3] In general usage, revenue is the total amount of income by the sale of goods or services related to the company's operations. Sales revenue is income received from selling goods or services over a period of time.