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Stress and potential cardiac damage from exercise during the test is a problem in patients with ECG abnormalities at rest or in patients with severe motor disability. Pharmacological stimulation from vasodilators such as dipyridamole or adenosine, or positive chronotropic agents such as dobutamine can be used.
Coronary steal is also the mechanism in most drug-based cardiac stress tests; When a patient is incapable of doing physical activity they are given a vasodilator that produces a "cardiac steal syndrome" as a diagnostic procedure. The test result is positive if the patient's symptoms reappear or if ECG alterations are seen. [citation needed]
Cardiotoxicity is the occurrence of heart dysfunction as electric or muscle damage, resulting in heart toxicity. [1] This can cause heart failure, arrhythmia, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy in patients. [2] Some effects are reversible, while in others, permanent damage requiring further treatment may arise.
Antihypertensive agents comprise multiple classes of compounds that are intended to manage hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy aims to maintain a blood pressure goal of <140/90 mmHg in all patients, as well as to prevent the progression or recurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in hypertensive patients with established CVD. [2]
Side-effects from radiation therapy for cardiovascular diseases have been termed radiation-induced heart disease or radiation-induced cardiovascular disease. [76] [77] Symptoms are dose-dependent and include cardiomyopathy, myocardial fibrosis, valvular heart disease, coronary artery disease, heart arrhythmia and peripheral artery disease.
This can progress to the heart stopping altogether. [2] Some CCBs can also cause a fast heart rate as a result of the low blood pressure. [4] Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, sleepiness, and shortness of breath. [2] Symptoms usually occur in the first six hours but with some forms of the medication may not start for 24 hours or more ...
Treatment is dependent on whether patients experience heart failure or acute hypotension and shock. In many individuals, left ventricular function normalizes within two months. [58] [59] Aspirin and other heart drugs also appear to help in the treatment of this disease, even in extreme cases.
As the arrhythmias in CPVT generally occur at times when the heart is exposed to high levels of adrenaline or other similar chemical messengers (catecholamines), many treatments for CPVT aim to lower the levels of catecholamines the heart is exposed to or block their effects on the heart. [8] The first-line treatment for those with CPVT ...