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Pulmonary function: increased residual volume, increased total lung capacity, fixed obstruction, low diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide that corrects with alveolar volume; High-resolution CT scan: diffuse pulmonary nodules 4–10 mm, greater than 20 nodules, mosaic attenuation or air trapping in greater than 50% of the lung
Lung transplantation is the therapeutic measure of last resort for patients with end-stage lung disease who have exhausted all other available treatments without improvement. A variety of conditions may make such surgery necessary. As of 2005, the most common reasons for lung transplantation in the United States were: [2]
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stromal cells or medicinal signaling cells, are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts (bone cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), myocytes (muscle cells) and adipocytes (fat cells which give rise to marrow adipose tissue).
Lung transplantation is an option if the ILD progresses despite therapy in appropriately selected patients with no other contraindications. [23] [24] Life expectancy after lung transplant is 5.2 years in those with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) and 6.7 years in those with other types of ILD. [8]
[2] [3] This usually takes the form of a bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, but the cells can also be derived from umbilical cord blood. Research is underway to develop various sources for stem cells as well as to apply stem-cell treatments for neurodegenerative diseases [4] and conditions such as diabetes and heart disease.
Mesenchymal stem cells possess many properties that are ideal for the treatment of inflammatory and degenerative diseases. [6] [7] They can differentiate into many cell types including bone, fat, and muscle which allow them to treat a large range of disorders.
[1] [3] Diagnosis may be based on symptoms, medical imaging, lung biopsy, and lung function tests. [1] No cure exists and treatment options are limited. [1] Treatment is directed toward improving symptoms and may include oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation. [1] [4] Certain medications may slow the scarring. [4] Lung transplantation may ...
Symptomatic patients with IPF younger than 65 years of age and with a body mass index (BMI) ≤26 kg/m 2 should be referred for lung transplantation, but there are no clear data to guide the precise timing for LTx. Although controversial, the most recent data suggest that bilateral lung transplantation is superior to single lung transplantation ...