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AFP is normally elevated in infants, and because teratoma is the single most common kind of tumor in infants, several studies have provided reference ranges for AFP in normal infants. [5] [6] [7] Perhaps the most useful is this equation: log Y = 7.397 - 2.622.log (X + 10), where X = age in days and Y = AFP level in nanograms per milliliter. [8]
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [1]
An extension to ICD-9 was published in 1979. [1] [2] An extension to ICD-10 has also been published. [3] It is the basis for the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's six digit codes for reportable congenital conditions. [4] These are also known as the "CDC/BPA codes". [5] [6] This system is in turn is the basis for the Texas ...
Methemoglobinemia mostly affects infants under 6 months of age (particularly those under 4 months) due to low hepatic production of methemoglobin reductase. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] The most at-risk populations are those with water sources high in nitrates , such as wells and other water that is not monitored or treated by a water treatment facility.
Inborn errors of metabolism are often referred to as congenital metabolic diseases or inherited metabolic disorders. [2] Another term used to describe these disorders is "enzymopathies". This term was created following the study of biodynamic enzymology , a science based on the study of the enzymes and their products.
Minimal change disease (MCD), also known as lipoid nephrosis or nil disease, among others, is a disease affecting the kidneys which causes nephrotic syndrome. [1] Nephrotic syndrome leads to the loss of significant amounts of protein to the urine (proteinuria), which causes the widespread edema (soft tissue swelling) and impaired kidney function commonly experienced by those affected by the ...
Ketotic hypoglycemia classically presents in male young children, typically between the ages of 10 months and 6 years, in the morning after a prolonged overnight fast. Symptoms include those of neuroglycopenia, ketosis, or both. [6] [7] Neuroglycopenic symptoms usually include lethargy and malaise, but may include unresponsiveness or seizures.
They often cause serious, sometimes fatal, malfunction of several different organ systems (especially the nervous system, muscles, and intestines) in affected infants. [1] The most common sub-type is PMM2-CDG (formerly known as CDG-Ia ) where the genetic defect leads to the loss of phosphomannomutase 2 ( PMM2 ), the enzyme responsible for the ...