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TEFL refers to English-language programs conducted in countries where English is not the primary language, and may be taught at a language school or by a tutor. For some jobs, the minimum TEFL requirement is a 100-hour course; the 120-hour course is recommended, however, since it may lead to higher-paid teaching positions. [ 3 ]
5.3 Teacher and learner language; 5.4 The use of teaching materials and resources; 5.5 practical skills for teaching at a range of levels; 5.6 The monitoring and evaluation of adult learners; 5.7 Evaluation of the teaching/learning process; 5.8 Professional development responsibilities; 5.9 Professional development support systems.
As with any language taught for specific purposes, a given course of ESP will focus on one occupation or profession, such as Technical English, Scientific English, English for medical professionals, English for waiters, English for tourism, etc. [1] Despite the seemingly limited focus, a course of ESP can have a wide-ranging impact, as is the ...
Language exchange sites connect users with complementary language skills, such as a native Spanish speaker who wants to learn English with a native English speaker who wants to learn Spanish. Language exchange websites essentially treat knowledge of a language as a commodity, and provide a marketlike environment for the commodity to be exchanged.
An intergovernmental symposium in 1991 titled "Transparency and Coherence in Language Learning in Europe: Objectives, Evaluation, Certification" held by the Swiss Federal Authorities in the Swiss municipality of Rüschlikon found the need for a common European framework for languages to improve the recognition of language qualifications and help teachers co-operate.
There is not much importance assigned to the continued development of first-language skills. After one to three years in the program, students are expected to have acquired enough knowledge in the second language to be transferred to classes in which only the second language is used as a medium of instruction. [ 4 ]
Sheltered instruction can also be used as a strategy to integrate newcomer students into formal education for the first year or years of their education, before joining broader ESL programs or general instruction classes. [20] Content integration combines language instruction with grade-level content instruction in math, science, and humanities.
[4] [5] In the training of school staff in the United States, "[t]he need for professional development ... came to the forefront in the 1960s". [6] Many American states have professional development requirements for school teachers. For example, Arkansas teachers must complete 60 hours of documented professional development activities annually. [7]