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  2. Saponification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saponification

    This process is the main industrial method for producing glycerol (C 3 H 5 (OH) 3). Some soap-makers leave the glycerol in the soap. Others precipitate the soap by salting it out with sodium chloride. Skeletal formula of stearin, a triglyceride that is converted by saponification with sodium hydroxide into glycerol and sodium stearate.

  3. Borax - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borax

    However, the term may be applied also to the related compounds. Borax "pentahydrate" has the formula Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·5H 2 O, which is actually a trihydrate Na 2 B 4 O 5 (OH) 4 ·3H 2 O. It is a colorless solid with a density of 1.880 kg/m 3 that crystallizes from water solutions above 60.8 °C in the rhombohedral crystal system.

  4. Soap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soap

    A handmade soap bar Two equivalent images of the chemical structure of sodium stearate, a typical ingredient found in bar soaps Emulsifying action of soap on oil. Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. [1]

  5. Sodium sesquicarbonate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_sesquicarbonate

    The dihydrate, Na 3 H(CO 3) 2 · 2H 2 O, occurs in nature as the evaporite mineral trona. [1] Due to concerns about the toxicity of borax which was withdrawn as a cleaning and laundry product, sodium sesquicarbonate is sold in the European Union (EU) as "Borax substitute". [2] It is also known as one of the E number food additives E500(iii).

  6. Sodium borate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_borate

    [1] Sodium borates, as well as boroxy acids, are often described as mixtures xNa 2 O·yB 2 O 3 ·zH 2 O = Na 2x B 2y H 2z O x+3y+z, with x, y, and z chosen to fit the elemental formula, or a multiple thereof. Thus, for example, borax Na 2 B 4 H 20 O 17 would be 1Na 2 O·2B 2 O 3 ·10H 2 O, and boric acid B(OH) 3 would be 0Na 2 O·1B 2 O 3 ·1H ...

  7. Cleaning agent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaning_agent

    Cleaning agents or hard-surface cleaners are substances (usually liquids, powders, sprays, or granules) used to remove dirt, including dust, stains, foul odors, and clutter on surfaces. [1] Purposes of cleaning agents include health , beauty, removing offensive odors, and avoiding the spread of dirt and contaminants to oneself and others.

  8. Detergent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detergent

    Detergents. A detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with cleansing properties when in dilute solutions. [1] There are a large variety of detergents, a common family being the alkylbenzene sulfonates, which are soap-like compounds that are more soluble in hard water, because the polar sulfonate (of detergents) is less likely than the polar carboxylate (of soap) to bind to ...

  9. Dishwashing liquid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dishwashing_liquid

    Dishwashing liquid may contain bleach, enzymes, and rinsing aids. [1] The main ingredient is water; the main active ingredients is detergent. Dishwashing liquid has detergent rather than soap because the soaps would react with any minerals in the water to form soap scum. There are other thickening and stabilizing agents in the dishwashing ...

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