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Gold compounds are compounds by the element gold (Au). Although gold is the most noble of the noble metals , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] it still forms many diverse compounds. The oxidation state of gold in its compounds ranges from −1 to +5, but Au(I) and Au(III) dominate its chemistry.
The use of injected gold compound is indicated for rheumatoid arthritis. [4] Its uses have diminished with the advent of newer compounds such as methotrexate and because of numerous side effects. [4] The efficacy of orally administered gold is more limited than injecting the gold compounds. [5]
Nitratoauric acid, hydrogen tetranitratoaurate, or simply called gold(III) nitrate is a crystalline gold compound that forms the trihydrate, HAu(NO 3) 4 ·3H 2 O or more correctly H 5 O 2 Au(NO 3) 4 ·H 2 O. [3] [2] This compound is an intermediate in the process of extracting gold. [4] In older literature it is also known as aurinitric acid. [5]
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Sodium aurothiomalate (INN, known in the United States as gold sodium thiomalate) is a gold compound that is used for its immunosuppressive anti-rheumatic effects. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Along with an orally-administered gold salt, auranofin , it is one of only two gold compounds currently employed in modern medicine.
Gold(III) hydroxide, gold trihydroxide, or gold hydroxide is an inorganic compound, a hydroxide of gold, with formula Au(OH) 3. It is also called auric acid with formula H 3 AuO 3. It is easily dehydrated above 140 °C to gold(III) oxide. Salts of auric acid are termed aurates.
Organogold chemistry is the study of compounds containing gold–carbon bonds. They are studied in academic research, but have not received widespread use otherwise. The dominant oxidation states for organogold compounds are I with coordination number 2 and a linear molecular geometry and III with CN = 4 and a square planar molecular geometry.
Due to the explosive tendency of this compound, industrial techniques for extracting and purifying gold compounds are very few. There was a novel biogas extraction of precious metals from scrapped electronics that worked very well, but the creation of fulminating gold and other precious metal amines limits its widespread use. [11]