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Caregivers themselves are subject to an increased incidence of depression, anxiety, and, in some cases, physical health issues. [4] [5] [6] According to UK-based research, almost two out of three caregivers of those with dementia feel lonely. Most of the caregivers in the study were family members or friends. [7] [8]
In community samples, cutoff scores for likely dementia have ranged from 3.3 and above to 3.6 and above, while in patient samples the cutoff scores have ranged from 3.4 and above to 4.0 and above. [3] To improve the detection of dementia, the IQCODE can be used in combination with the Mini-Mental State Examination.
Pre-dementia or early-stage dementia (stages 1, 2, and 3). In this initial phase, a person can still live independently and may not exhibit obvious memory loss or have any difficulty completing ...
Montessori-Based Dementia Programming uses rehabilitation principles of guided repetition, and task breakdown each progressing from simple to complex. Additionally, principles of dementia interventions such as external cue usage and reliance on implicit memory are used. Examples of activities include reading groups and memory games.
The course of dementia is often described in four stages (pre-dementia, early, middle, and late) that show a pattern of progressive cognitive and functional impairment. More detailed descriptions can be arrived at by the use of numeric scales. These scales include: The GDS/FAST Staging System [34] Global Deterioration Scale (GDS or Reisberg ...
Childhood dementia is very often diagnosed late, misdiagnosed, or not diagnosed at all. [9] A correct diagnosis happens, on average, 2 years or more after symptoms become apparent. Additionally, children affected by childhood dementia are often misdiagnosed with: Autism [16] [9] [17] Developmental or intellectual delay [16] [9] ADHD [9] Others [9]
For individuals with a high school education: A score of 27–30 would be expected for someone with normal cognition; A score of 21–26 would be expected for someone with mild neurocognitive disorder; A score of 1–20 would be expected for someone with dementia; For individuals with less than high school education:
Dementia is characterized by persistent, multiple cognitive deficits in the domains including, but not limited to, memory, language, and visuospatial skills and can result from central nervous system dysfunction. [65] [66] [67] Two forms of dementia exist: degenerative and nondegenerative. The progression of nondegenerative dementias, like head ...