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In 1911, Dr. Albee discovered a method for using bone instead of metal to perform a spinal fusion for infected vertebrae. He perfected his techniques including the classification of bone types, and in 1912, invented the "Albee Bone Mill", a power driven machine that reduced the time needed for a bone graft to as little as ten minutes.
Ultraviolet: Daylight can be the strongest source of UV light and as it is invisible to the human eye, can be difficult to keep from your museum setting. "The high energy of UV radiation is particularly damaging to artifacts." [19] Visible light: Visible light is, of course, necessary for museums. Visitors and staff have to be able to see the ...
In the 19th century new developments such as the discovery of photography, Rowland's [40] invention of the concave diffraction grating, and Schumann's [41] works on discovery of vacuum ultraviolet (fluorite for prisms and lenses, low-gelatin photographic plates and absorption of UV in air below 185 nm) made advance to shorter wavelengths very fast.
Ultraviolet radiation, also known as simply UV, is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays. UV radiation is present in sunlight , and constitutes about 10% of the total electromagnetic radiation output from the Sun.
In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. [1] [2] This includes: electromagnetic radiation consisting of photons, such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, and gamma radiation (γ)
Finsen discovered that lupus was amenable to treatment by ultraviolet rays when separated out by a system of quartz crystals, and thereafter created a lamp to sift out the rays. The so-called Finsen lamp became widely used in for phototherapy , and derivatives of it became used when experimenting with other types of radiotherapy. [ 15 ]
Ozone is transparent to most UV-A, so most of this longer-wavelength UV radiation reaches the surface, and it constitutes most of the UV reaching the Earth. This type of UV radiation is significantly less harmful to DNA, although it may still potentially cause physical damage, premature aging of the skin, indirect genetic damage, and skin cancer.
A solar control film is usually a film made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) that is applied to windows to reduce the light and heat from the sun's rays. The film filters UV-A and UV-B radiation. Polyethylene terephthalate goes back to an invention by the two Englishmen John Rex Whinfield (1902-1966) and James Tennant Dickson in 1941.