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Long-distance migration of the spruce budworm does occur as they can disperse across distances ranging from 20 to 450 km. In northern Minnesota, spruce budworm moths emigrate to the east lakeshore of Lake Superior in Ontario, Canada, because of seasonal changes. Dispersal is influenced heavily by temperature as low temperatures can slow down ...
Choristoneura freemani Razowski, 2008, western spruce budworm; Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens, 1865), eastern spruce budworm; Choristoneura griseicoma (Meyrick, 1924) Choristoneura hebenstreitella (Muller, 1764), mountain-ash tortricid; Choristoneura heliaspis (Meyrick, 1909) Choristoneura improvisana (Kuznetsov, 1973)
Western spruce budworm caterpillar, sixth (final) instar Adult moths are about 1 / 2 inch (12.7 mm) long and have a wing-spread of 7 / 8 to 1 1 / 8 inches (22 to 28mm). Moths of both sexes are similar in appearance, although the females are a bit more robust than males.
The eastern spruce budworm is an example of a destructive insect in fir and spruce forests. Birds are a natural form of biological control, but the Trichogramma minutum, a species of parasitic wasp, has been investigated as an alternative to more controversial chemical controls. [64]
Carroll Burns Williams Jr. (September 24, 1929 – March 1, 2024) was an American research forester and entomologist. He was the first African American scientist hired by the United States Forest Service and the first African American to receive a Ph.D. in forestry and entomology.
Cattle drenches can be applied through a solution poured on the back, throat or an injection. [1] [2] Cattle drenches are predominately necessary for young cattle with weaker immune systems that are susceptible to parasite infestation. [1] Drenching is a common method for controlling parasites in the meat and dairy industries. [1]
Spruce budworm (adult and pupa shown), a serious pest of forests, can be monitored using pheromone traps Main articles: Mechanical pest control , Insect trap , and Crop rotation Mechanical pest control is the use of hands-on techniques as well as simple equipment and devices, that provides a protective barrier between plants and insects .
It is the most commonly used pesticide and is used against other pests, including the western spruce budworm and other Choristoneura and the tent caterpillar. When Bt is taken internally, the insect is paralyzed, stops feeding, and dies of starvation or disease. Chemical pesticides are contact poisons and stomach poisons.
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