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e-Navigation is a strategy developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), a UN specialized agency, to bring about increased safety of navigation in commercial shipping through better organization of data on ships and on shore, and better data exchange and communication between ships and the ship and shore. [1]
An Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) is a digital representation of a real-world geographical area for the purpose of Marine navigation.Real-world objects and areas of navigational significance, or to a lesser degree - informational significance, are portrayed through Raster facsimiles of traditional paper charts; or more commonly through vector images, which are able to scale their relative ...
Nautical charting may take the form of charts printed on paper (raster navigational charts) or computerized electronic navigational charts. Recent technologies have made available paper charts which are printed "on demand" with cartographic data that has been downloaded to the commercial printing company as recently as the night before printing.
Individual charts varied so much in form and interpretation that the individual navigator who made the chart was the only person who could fully interpret and use it. The use of stick charts ended after World War II when new electronic technologies made navigation more accessible and travel among islands by canoe lessened.
It includes chapters relating to the structure, use and limitations of nautical charts; chart datums and their importance; and other material of a basic nature. Part II Piloting, emphasizes the practical aspects of navigating a vessel in restricted waters. Part III Electronic Navigation, covers the primary means of positioning of the modern ...
The cycle period, e.g. "10s" for ten seconds. Additional parameters are sometimes added: The height of the light above the chart datum for height (usually based on high water). e.g. 15m for 15 metres. The range in which the light is visible, e.g. "10M" for 10 nautical miles. An example of a complete light characteristic is "Gp Oc(3) W 10s 15m 10M".
A portolan nautical chart of the Mediterranean Sea, second quarter of the 14th century. Kept in the Library of Congress, where it is the oldest original cartographic artifact. Portolan charts are nautical charts, first made in the 13th century in the Mediterranean basin and later expanded to include
Electronic navigation are forms of navigation that ships, land vehicles, and people can use, which rely on technology powered by electricity. Methods of electronic navigation include: Satellite navigation, satellite navigation systems; Radio navigation, the application of radio frequencies to determine a position