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The negative gradient of pressure is called the force density. [9] Another example is a knife. If the flat edge is used, force is distributed over a larger surface area resulting in less pressure, and it will not cut. Whereas using the sharp edge, which has less surface area, results in greater pressure, and so the knife cuts smoothly.
The equation is attributed to Lord Rayleigh, who originally used L 2 in place of A (with L being some linear dimension). [2] The reference area A is typically defined as the area of the orthographic projection of the object on a plane perpendicular to the direction of motion.
It is used when comparing the drag of different aircraft For example, the Douglas DC-3 has an equivalent parasite area of 2.20 m 2 (23.7 sq ft) and the McDonnell Douglas DC-9, with 30 years of advancement in aircraft design, an area of 1.91 m 2 (20.6 sq ft) although it carried five times as many passengers.
The total force vector acting at the center of pressure is the surface integral of the pressure vector field across the surface of the body. The resultant force and center of pressure location produce an equivalent force and moment on the body as the original pressure field. Pressure fields occur in both static and dynamic fluid mechanics ...
q is the dynamic pressure in pascals (i.e., kg/(m*s 2), ρ (Greek letter rho) is the fluid mass density (e.g. in kg/m 3), and; u is the flow speed in m/s. It can be thought of as the fluid's kinetic energy per unit volume. For incompressible flow, the dynamic pressure of a fluid is the difference between its total pressure and static pressure.
The pound per square inch (abbreviation: psi) or, more accurately, pound-force per square inch (symbol: lbf/in 2), [1] is a unit of measurement of pressure or of stress based on avoirdupois units. It is the pressure resulting from a force with magnitude of one pound-force applied to an area of one square inch .
The pressure force pushing the liquid through the tube is the change in pressure multiplied by the area: F = −A Δp. This force is in the direction of the motion of the liquid. The negative sign comes from the conventional way we define Δp = p end − p top < 0. Viscosity effects will pull from the faster lamina immediately closer to the ...
The equation is a nonlinear integro-differential equation, and the unknown function in the equation is a probability density function in six-dimensional space of a particle position and momentum. The problem of existence and uniqueness of solutions is still not fully resolved, but some recent results are quite promising. [3] [4]