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Vertumnus and Pomona (c. 1618) by Peter Paul Rubens. In Roman mythology, Vertumnus (Latin pronunciation: [wɛr'tʊmnʊs]; also Vortumnus or Vertimnus) is the god of seasons, change [1] and plant growth, as well as gardens and fruit trees.
Orcus was a god of the underworld, punisher of broken oaths in Etruscan and Roman mythology. As with Hades, the name of the god was also used for the underworld itself. Eventually, he was conflated with Dis Pater and Pluto. A temple to Orcus may once have existed on the Palatine Hill in Rome
Roman statue of the infant Hercules strangling a snake. Hercules, god of strength, whose worship was derived from the Greek hero Heracles but took on a distinctly Roman character. Hermaphroditus, an androgynous Greek god whose mythology was imported into Latin literature. Honos, a divine personification of honor. Hora, the wife of Quirinus.
Religious sites and rituals for the di inferi were properly outside the pomerium, Rome's sacred boundary, as were tombs. [11] Horse racing along with the propitiation of underworld gods was characteristic of "old and obscure" Roman festivals such as the Consualia, the October Horse, the Taurian Games, and sites in the Campus Martius such as the Tarentum and the Trigarium.
Altar decorated with a bas-relief depicting the god Sylvanus Capitoline Museums in Rome. Silvanus (/ s ɪ l ˈ v eɪ n ə s /; [1] meaning "of the woods" in Latin) was a Roman tutelary deity of woods and uncultivated lands. As protector of the forest (sylvestris deus), he especially presided over plantations and delighted in trees growing wild.
Head of Antinous found at Hadrian's Villa, dating from 130–138 AD, now at the Museo Nazionale Romano, Rome, Italy. Antinous was born to a Greek family near the city of Claudiopolis, [9] [6] which was located in the Roman province of Bithynia, [10] in what is now north-west Turkey.
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Although Wissowa treated the categories of indigetes and novensiles as a fundamental way to classify Roman gods, the distinction is hard to maintain; many scholars reject it. [4] Arnaldo Momigliano pointed out that no ancient text poses novensiles and indigetes as a dichotomy, and that the etymology of novensides is far from settled. [ 5 ]