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Bioethics has also benefited from the process philosophy developed by Alfred North Whitehead. [26] [27] Another discipline that discusses bioethics is the field of feminism; the International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics has played an important role in organizing and legitimizing feminist work in bioethics. [28]
Utilitarian bioethics is based on the premise that the distribution of resources is a zero-sum game, and therefore medical decisions should logically be made on the basis of each person's total future productive value and happiness, their chance of survival from the present, and the resources required for treatment.
Joseph Francis Fletcher (April 10, 1905 – October 28, 1991) [1] was an American professor who founded the theory of situational ethics in the 1960s, and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. Fletcher was a leading academic proponent of the potential benefits of abortion , infanticide , euthanasia , eugenics , and cloning .
Applied ethics has expanded the study of ethics beyond the realms of academic philosophical discourse. [7] The field of applied ethics, as it appears today, emerged from debate surrounding rapid medical and technological advances in the early 1970s and is now established as a subdiscipline of moral philosophy.
Leon Richard Kass (born February 12, 1939) is an American physician, scientist, educator, and public intellectual.Kass is best known as a proponent of liberal arts education via the "Great Books," as a critic of human cloning, life extension, euthanasia and embryo research, and for his tenure as chairman of the President's Council on Bioethics from 2001 to 2005.
In bioethics, the ethics of cloning concerns the ethical positions on the practice and possibilities of cloning, especially of humans. While many of these views are religious in origin, some of the questions raised are faced by secular perspectives as well. Perspectives on human cloning are theoretical, as human therapeutic and reproductive ...
Bioethics – Study of the ethical issues emerging from advances in biology and medicine; Eugenics – Effort to improve purported human genetic quality; Evolution of morality – Emergence of human moral behavior over the course of human evolution; Game theory – Mathematical models of strategic interactions
The Product Life Cycle Theory is an economic theory that was developed by Raymond Vernon in response to the failure of the Heckscher–Ohlin model to explain the observed pattern of international trade. The theory suggests that early in a product's life-cycle all the parts and labor associated with that product come from the area where it was ...