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In most English varieties, there are five non-sibilant voiceless consonants that occur at the end of words: / p /, / t /, / k /, / f /, and / θ /; some varieties also have / x /. When the singular form ends in a voiceless consonant other than a sibilant, the plural is normally formed by adding / s / (a voiceless sibilant).
For example, in Dutch, the apostrophe is inserted before the s when pluralising most words ending in a vowel or y for example, baby's (English babies) and radio's (English radios). This often produces so-called "Dunglish" errors when carried over into English. [88] Hyperforeignism has been formalised in some pseudo-anglicisms.
Syllables and words ending in -aig, -eig, -oig, -uig, -aix, -eix, -oix, -uix; Letter sequences: tx (also common in Basque, however) and tg; Letter y is only used in the combination ny and loanwords; Letters k and w are rare and only used in loanwords (e.g. walkman) Word endings: -o, -a, -es, -ció, -tat, -ment
Palatal ċy, ġy occur in Late West Saxon words where y corresponds to Early West Saxon ie: e.g. ġyfu, ġyldan. The letter "y" could also be used in Late West Saxon in place of original i, e.g. in ċyriċe for ċiriċe. [79] After the merger of y, e in Kentish, y could be used as a "reverse" spelling for /e/, as in Kentish ċyrð. [80]
/zj/ → [ʒ] in words ending vowel+sure such as measure [ˈmɛʒəɹ] (also vowel+sion, r+sion) In some other words, the coalesced pronunciation is common in English dialects around the world, but an older non-coalesced form still exists among some speakers of standard British English: educate [ˈɛdʒʊkeɪt] (also in standard RP ...
The uptick in use of and interest in words using “x” (like folx, womxn, and Latinx), then, is a direct reflection of society’s need for terms that support identities that don’t fit in a ...
hy is used in Hepburn romanization of the Japanese language to transcribe the sound /ç/, which is the syllable hi before a y-vowel, such as hya, hyu, and hyo, which appear in Chinese loanwords. Was also used in Portuguese until 1947. It appeared in words like: Hydroginástica and Hypóthese.
Final-syllable short vowels were generally deleted in words of three syllables or more. PGmc *biridi > Goth baíriþ /beriθ/ "(he) carries" (see above), and also PGmc *-maz, *-miz > *-mz (dative and instrumental plural ending of nouns, 1st person plural ending of verbs, as on the Stentoften Runestone).