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The Indian system is decimal (base-10), same as in the West, and the first five orders of magnitude are named in a similar way: one (10 0), ten (10 1), one hundred (10 2), one thousand (10 3), and ten thousand (10 4). For higher powers of ten, naming diverges.
Reversing the digits to modern-day usage of descending order of decimal places, we get 314159265358979324 which is the value of pi (π) to 17 decimal places, except the last digit might be rounded off to 4. This verse encrypts the value of pi (π) up to 31 decimal places.
The Chandrasekhar limit (/ ˌ tʃ ə n d r ə ˈ ʃ eɪ k ər /) [1] is the maximum mass of a stable white dwarf star. The currently accepted value of the Chandrasekhar limit is about 1.4 M ☉ (2.765 × 10 30 kg). [2] [3] [4] The limit was named after Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. [5]
Bhāskara (c. 600 – c. 680) (commonly called Bhāskara I to avoid confusion with the 12th-century mathematician Bhāskara II) was a 7th-century Indian mathematician and astronomer who was the first to write numbers in the Hindu–Arabic decimal system with a circle for the zero, and who gave a unique and remarkable rational approximation of the sine function in his commentary on Aryabhata's ...
The Hindu–Arabic system is designed for positional notation in a decimal system. In a more developed form, positional notation also uses a decimal marker (at first a mark over the ones digit but now more commonly a decimal point or a decimal comma which separates the ones place from the tenths place), and also a symbol for "these digits recur ad infinitum".
The solution to this equation was traditionally attributed to William Brouncker in 1657, though his method was more difficult than the chakravala method. The first general method for finding the solutions of the problem x 2 − ny 2 = 1 (so-called "Pell's equation") was given by Bhaskara II. [23]
For example, in the decimal system (base 10), the numeral 4327 means (4×10 3) + (3×10 2) + (2×10 1) + (7×10 0), noting that 10 0 = 1. In general, if b is the base, one writes a number in the numeral system of base b by expressing it in the form a n b n + a n − 1 b n − 1 + a n − 2 b n − 2 + ... + a 0 b 0 and writing the enumerated ...
Aryabhata ( ISO: Āryabhaṭa) or Aryabhata I [3] [4] (476–550 CE) [5] [6] was the first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy. His works include the Āryabhaṭīya (which mentions that in 3600 Kali Yuga, 499 CE, he was 23 years old) [7] and the Arya-siddhanta.