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  2. X-ray reflectivity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_reflectivity

    X-ray reflectivity (sometimes known as X-ray specular reflectivity, X-ray reflectometry, or XRR) is a surface-sensitive analytical technique used in chemistry, physics, and materials science to characterize surfaces, thin films and multilayers.

  3. X-ray scattering techniques - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_scattering_techniques

    X-ray reflectivity is an analytical technique for determining thickness, roughness, and density of single layer and multilayer thin films. Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), a technique concentrating on scattering angles 2θ larger than 5°. Spectrum of various inelastic scattering processes that can be probed with inelastic X-ray scattering ...

  4. X-ray optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_optics

    X-ray optics is the branch of optics dealing with X-rays, rather than visible light.It deals with focusing and other ways of manipulating the X-ray beams for research techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray crystallography, X-ray fluorescence, small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray microscopy, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, and X-ray astronomy.

  5. X-ray spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_spectroscopy

    An X-ray spectrograph consists of a high voltage power supply (50 kV or 100 kV), a broad band X-ray tube, usually with a tungsten anode and a beryllium window, a specimen holder, an analyzing crystal, a goniometer, and an X-ray detector device. These are arranged as shown in Fig. 1.

  6. Transfer-matrix method (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer-matrix_method...

    motofit is a program for analysing neutron and X-ray reflectometry data. OpenFilters is a program for designing optical filters. Py_matrix is an open source Python code that implements the transfer-matrix method for multilayers with arbitrary dielectric tensors. It was especially created for plasmonic and magnetoplasmonic calculations.

  7. X-ray crystallography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_crystallography

    Anomalous X-ray scattering (MAD or SAD phasing) – the X-ray wavelength may be scanned past an absorption edge [a] of an atom, which changes the scattering in a known way. By recording full sets of reflections at three different wavelengths (far below, far above and in the middle of the absorption edge) one can solve for the substructure of ...

  8. Fresnel equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_equations

    We call the fraction of the incident power that is reflected from the interface the reflectance (or reflectivity, or power reflection coefficient) R, and the fraction that is refracted into the second medium is called the transmittance (or transmissivity, or power transmission coefficient) T.

  9. X-ray fluorescence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_fluorescence

    A Philips PW1606 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer with automated sample feed in a cement plant quality control laboratory XRF scanning of the Rembrandt-painting Syndics of the Drapers' Guild. A Helmut Fischer(company) X-ray fluorescence spectrometer which are used to check for metals coating thickness and any of potential contamination of ...