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The kinetic order of any elementary reaction or reaction step is equal to its molecularity, and the rate equation of an elementary reaction can therefore be determined by inspection, from the molecularity. [1] The kinetic order of a complex (multistep) reaction, however, is not necessarily equal to the number of molecules involved.
The rate for a bimolecular gas-phase reaction, A + B → product, predicted by collision theory is [6] = = ()where: k is the rate constant in units of (number of molecules) −1 ⋅s −1 ⋅m 3.
The bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (S N 2) is a type of reaction mechanism that is common in organic chemistry. In the S N 2 reaction, a strong nucleophile forms a new bond to an sp 3 -hybridised carbon atom via a backside attack, all while the leaving group detaches from the reaction center in a concerted (i.e. simultaneous) fashion.
The classic Finkelstein reaction entails the conversion of an alkyl chloride or an alkyl bromide to an alkyl iodide by treatment with a solution of sodium iodide in acetone. Sodium iodide is soluble in acetone while sodium chloride and sodium bromide are not; [ 3 ] therefore, the reaction is driven toward products by mass action due to the ...
The rate expression for an elementary bimolecular reaction is sometimes referred to as the law of mass action as it was first proposed by Guldberg and Waage in 1864. An example of this type of reaction is a cycloaddition reaction. This rate expression can be derived from first principles by using collision theory for ideal gases. For the case ...
An example of the Cope rearrangement is the expansion of a cyclobutane ring to a cycloocta-1,5-diene ring: In this case, the reaction must pass through the boat transition state to produce the two cis double bonds. A trans double bond in the ring would be too strained. The reaction occurs under thermal conditions.
In outer sphere redox reactions no bonds are formed or broken; only an electron transfer (ET) takes place. A quite simple example is the Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ redox reaction, the self exchange reaction which is known to be always occurring in an aqueous solution containing the aquo complexes [Fe(H 2 O) 6] 2+ and [Fe(H 2 O)6] 3+.
For example, p-bromobiphenyl may be prepared from 4-bromoaniline and benzene: [4] BrC 6 H 4 NH 2 + C 6 H 6 → BrC 6 H 4 −C 6 H 5. The reaction offers a wide scope for both diazonium component and arene component but yields are generally low following the original procedure (less than 40%), given the many side-reactions of diazonium salts.
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