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Farhang-e-Asifiya (Urdu: فرہنگ آصفیہ, lit. 'The Dictionary of Asif') is an Urdu-to-Urdu dictionary compiled by Syed Ahmad Dehlvi. [1] It has more than 60,000 entries in four volumes. [2] It was first published in January 1901 by Rifah-e-Aam Press in Lahore, present-day Pakistan. [3] [4]
The dictionary was edited by the honorary director general of the board Maulvi Abdul Haq who had already been working on an Urdu dictionary since the establishment of the Urdu Dictionary Board, Karachi, in 1958. [1] [2] [3] Urdu Lughat consists of 22 volumes. In 2019, the board prepared a concise version of the dictionary in two volumes.
The kinship terms of Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu) differ from the English system in certain respects. [1] In the Hindustani system, kin terms are based on gender, [2] and the difference between some terms is the degree of respect. [3] Moreover, "In Hindi and Urdu kinship terms there is clear distinction between the blood relations and affinal ...
The Urdu Dictionary Board (Urdu: اردو لغت بورڈ, romanized: Urdu Lughat Board) is an academic and literary institution of Pakistan, administered by National History and Literary Heritage Division of the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. Its objective is to edit and publish a comprehensive dictionary of the Urdu language.
The word "Bibi", which made its way into the Pashto and Urdu language, was originally borrowed from Classical Persian (بیبی bī-bī). It was translated as "grandma" (chiefly in Pashto, Dari, Tajik). Besides this it was also used as respectful title to address senior women. [4]
The dictionary has been arranged and edited according to the following criteria: All the common words, idioms, proverbs, and modern academic, literary, scientific, and technical terms of the Urdu language have been listed. Only those obsolete words and idioms have been included which are found in ancient books.
In Modern Turkish, it is spelled Hanım and is used similarly to the titles of "lady" or "mrs." or "miss" in the English language. The title of Hanımefendi is a combination of the words Khanum (tr. Hanım) and efendi, and is a more formal title to address women in the modern age.
Apart from pronouns, gender can be marked in personal names and certain titles. [27] Many words in modern English refer specifically to people or animals of a particular sex. [28] An example of an English word that has retained gender-specific spellings is the noun-form of blond/blonde, with the former being masculine and the latter being ...