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The Klaipėda Revolt was the last armed conflict in Lithuania before World War II. [108] The Second Seimas of Lithuania, elected in May 1923, was the only Seimas in independent Lithuania that served its full term. The Seimas continued the land reform, introduced social support systems, and started repaying foreign debt.
Town Yiddish Name [1] [2] Pre-Holocaust Jewish population Notes Hebrew Latin Antopal: אנטיפאָליע Antipolye 1,792 (1921) Town survived, but all Jews were exterminated.
The genocide in Lithuania was one of the earliest large-scale implementations of the Final Solution, leading some to conclude that the Holocaust began in Lithuania in the summer of 1941. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] ^ Other scholars say the Holocaust started in September 1939 with the onset of the Second World War, [ 31 ] or even earlier, on Kristallnacht in ...
Lithuania, [b] officially the Republic of Lithuania, [c] is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. [d] It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and the Russian semi-exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest, with a maritime border with Sweden to the west.
During the 13th century the Duchy of Lithuania was bordered by Slavic lands. The Slavs did not create the name; they used the existing Lithuanian ethnonym. [3] The Lithuanian diphthong-ie- has, in Slavic languages, shifted to the vowel-i- (и), and the short -u- became extra-short (reduced) -ŭ- which, being unstressed, later disappeared from the East Slavic, hence Litva.
The Jewish Lithuanian population before World War II numbered around 160,000, or about 7% of the total population. [17] At the beginning of the war, some 12,000 Jewish refugees fled into Lithuania from Poland; [18] by 1941 the Jewish population of Lithuania had increased to approximately 250,000, or 10% of the total population. [17]
The most prominent change was the extermination of the Jewish population during the Holocaust. Before World War II, about 7.5% of the population was Jewish [citation needed]; they were concentrated in cities and towns and had a significant influence on crafts and business. They were called Litvaks and had a strong culture.
Lithuania proper is sometimes also called Lithuania Major, particularly in contrast with Lithuania Minor. The Lithuanian geographer Kazys Pakštas wrote that Lithuania proper was known since the administrative division of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1566, when the name was assigned to the palatinates of Vilnius and Trakai . [ 1 ]