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ATES can heat and cool buildings. Storage and recovery is achieved by extraction and injection of groundwater using wells. Systems commonly operate in seasonal modes. Groundwater that is extracted in summer performs cooling by transferring heat from the building to the water by means of a heat exchanger. The heated groundwater is reinjected ...
The above groundwater flow equations are valid for three dimensional flow. In unconfined aquifers, the solution to the 3D form of the equation is complicated by the presence of a free surface water table boundary condition: in addition to solving for the spatial distribution of heads, the location of this surface is also an unknown. This is a ...
Solar energy is an application of thermal energy storage. Most practical solar thermal storage systems provide storage from a few hours to a day's worth of energy. However, a growing number of facilities use seasonal thermal energy storage (STES), enabling solar energy to be stored in summer to heat space during winter.
A fundamental solution, also called a heat kernel, is a solution of the heat equation corresponding to the initial condition of an initial point source of heat at a known position. These can be used to find a general solution of the heat equation over certain domains; see, for instance, for an introductory treatment.
Fluid from water storage tank to external (passive) heat source; passive heat source can be the ground (soil or groundwater), sun or air via heat pump, district heating or thermodynamic solar panel; Fluid from heat pump, or thermodynamic solar panel to water storage tank; Pump, actuator, controller and other parts; Water heater; Water storage tank
This article describes how to use a computer to calculate an approximate numerical solution of the discretized equation, in a time-dependent situation. In order to be concrete, this article focuses on heat flow, an important example where the convection–diffusion equation applies. However, the same mathematical analysis works equally well to ...
Layered or stratified charge storage is hot water storage tank, typically for solar thermal energy. The warmest storage layer is the top storage cylinder and below this there are colder storage layers through natural layering. The water is fed into different storage levels, depending on the available feed temperature and current temperature ...
An example of one of the several kinds of STES illustrates well the capability of interseasonal heat storage. In Alberta, Canada, the homes of the Drake Landing Solar Community (in operation since 2007), get 97% of their year-round heat from a district heat system that is supplied by solar heat from solar-thermal panels on garage roofs. This ...