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Alpha blockers, also known as α-blockers or α-adrenoreceptor antagonists, are a class of pharmacological agents that act as antagonists on α-adrenergic receptors (α-adrenoceptors). [2] Historically, alpha-blockers were used as a tool for pharmacologic research to develop a greater understanding of the autonomic nervous system.
Beta blockers vary in their lipophilicity (fat solubility) and in turn in their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier and exert effects in the central nervous system. [76] Beta blockers with greater blood–brain barrier permeability can have both neuropsychiatric therapeutic benefits and side effects, as well as adverse cognitive effects ...
The adrenergic receptors or adrenoceptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of many catecholamines like norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) produced by the body, but also many medications like beta blockers, beta-2 (β 2) antagonists and alpha-2 (α 2) agonists, which are used to treat high ...
It was the first alpha blocker which was used for treating Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. [22] Another Alpha Blocker Prazosin, which was the first drug selective to alpha 1 receptor, was developed in 1987 [22] for the therapy of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Other alpha blockers are then introduced for several diseases. [22]
The classification of drugs have been around since 1964 after Sir James Black discovered how they can assist people with heart disease.
Adrenergic competitive antagonists are shorter lasting than the other two types of antagonists. While the antagonists for alpha and beta receptors are usually different compounds, there has been recent drug development that effects both types of the adrenoreceptors. Phentolamine, an adrenergic antagonist
Since beta blockers are known to relax the cardiac muscle and constrict the smooth muscle, beta-adrenergic antagonists, including propranolol, have an additive effect with other drugs that decrease blood pressure or decrease cardiac contractility or conductivity. Clinically significant interactions particularly occur with: [35] Verapamil
Alpha is a way to measure excess return, while beta is used to measure the volatility, or risk, of an asset. Beta might also be referred to as the return you can earn by passively owning the market.