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Informally, specifying a geographic location usually means giving the location's latitude and longitude. The numerical values for latitude and longitude can occur in a number of different units or formats: [2] sexagesimal degree: degrees, minutes, and seconds : 40° 26′ 46″ N 79° 58′ 56″ W
Latitude and longitude should be displayed by sexagesimal fractions (i.e. minutes and seconds). When minutes and seconds are less than ten, leading zeroes should be shown. Degree, minutes and seconds should be followed by the symbols ° ( U+00B0 ), ′ ( U+2032 ), and ″ ( U+2033 ), without spaces between the number and symbol.
The precision of the latitude part does not increase so much, more strictly however, a meridian arc length per 1 second depends on the latitude at the point in question. The discrepancy of 1 second meridian arc length between equator and pole is about 0.3 metres (1 ft 0 in) because the earth is an oblate spheroid .
Geodetic latitude and geocentric latitude have different definitions. Geodetic latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and the surface normal at a point on the ellipsoid, whereas geocentric latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and a radial line connecting the centre of the ellipsoid to a point on the surface (see figure).
Geographical distance or geodetic distance is the distance measured along the surface of the Earth, or the shortest arch length.. The formulae in this article calculate distances between points which are defined by geographical coordinates in terms of latitude and longitude.
Grid Zone Designation (GZD); for a world-wide unique address. This consists of up to 2 digits (6-degree longitude UTM zone) for West to East, followed by a letter (8-degree latitude band) from South to North; in this example, "18S". [10] [11] 100,000-meter (100 km) Square Identification; for regional areas.
Degrees, minutes and seconds, when used, must each be separated by a pipe ("|"). Map datum must be WGS84 if possible (except for off-Earth bodies). Avoid excessive precision (0.0001° is <11 m, 1″ is <31 m). Maintain consistency of decimal places or minutes/seconds between latitude and longitude. Latitude (N/S) must appear before longitude (E/W).
Degrees, minutes and seconds, when used, must each be separated by a pipe ("|"). Map datum must be WGS84 if possible (except for off-Earth bodies). Avoid excessive precision (0.0001° is <11 m, 1″ is <31 m). Maintain consistency of decimal places or minutes/seconds between latitude and longitude. Latitude (N/S) must appear before longitude (E/W).