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A scanner used to measure bone density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone density, or bone mineral density, is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue.The concept is of mass of mineral per volume of bone (relating to density in the physics sense), although clinically it is measured by proxy according to optical density per square centimetre of bone surface upon imaging. [1]
The cortical bone gives bone its smooth, white, and solid appearance, and accounts for 80% of the total bone mass of an adult human skeleton. [10] It facilitates bone's main functions—to support the whole body, to protect organs, to provide levers for movement, and to store and release chemical elements, mainly calcium.
The bone mass in the skeleton makes up about 14% of the total body weight (ca. 10–11 kg for an average person) and reaches maximum mass between the ages of 25 and 30. [2] The human skeleton can be divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.
In DXA, bone mineral content (measured as the attenuation of the X-ray by the bones being scanned) is divided by the area (also measured by the machine) of the site being scanned. Because DXA calculates BMD using area (aBMD: areal Bone Mineral Density), it is not an accurate measurement of true bone mineral density, which is mass divided by a ...
Parts-per-million cube of relative abundance by mass of elements in an average adult human body down to 1 ppm. About 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Only about 0.85% is composed of another five elements: potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium ...
Researchers from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, MD, showed that total body bone mass and density both decreased in adults over the age of 65 who received levothyroxine ...
A wide variety of body composition measurement methods exist. The gold standard measurement technique for the 4-compartment model consists of a weight measurement, body density measurement using hydrostatic weighing or air displacement plethysmography, total body water calculation using isotope dilution analysis, and mineral content measurement by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). [1]
Peak bone mass is the maximum amount of bone a person has during their life. [1] It typically occurs in the early 20s in females and late 20s in males. [2] Peak bone mass is typically lower in females than males, and is also lower in White people and Asians compared to black populations. [1]
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