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In linguistics, a filler, filled pause, hesitation marker or planner (sometimes called crutches) is a sound or word that participants in a conversation use to signal that they are pausing to think but are not finished speaking. [1] [2] These are not to be confused with placeholder names, such as thingamajig.
The definition of success in a given cloze test varies, depending on the broader goals behind the exercise. Assessment may depend on whether the exercise is objective (i.e. students are given a list of words to use in a cloze) or subjective (i.e. students are to fill in a cloze with words that would make a given sentence grammatically correct).
A disfluence or nonfluence is a non-pathological hesitance when speaking, the use of fillers (“like” or “uh”), or the repetition of a word or phrase. This needs to be distinguished from a fluency disorder like stuttering with an interruption of fluency of speech, accompanied by "excessive tension, speaking avoidance, struggle behaviors, and secondary mannerism".
Powdered fillers are mixed in with elastomers and plastics. [2] Worldwide, more than 53 million tons of fillers (with a net worth of ca. US$18 billion) are used every year in the production of paper, plastics, rubber, paints, coatings, adhesives, and sealants. Fillers are produced by more than 700 companies, rank among the world's major raw ...
Bailey & Ferriera's (2007) paper [16] found that there is little evidence to suggest that the use of filler words are intentional in speech and that they should not be considered as words in the conventional sense. Filler words can be non-lexical or lexical. [15] "Non-lexical fillers" are those recognized as not being words, "lexical fillers ...
The combined term פלוני אלמוני (ploni almoni) is also in modern official usage; for example, addressing guidelines by Israel postal authorities use ploni almoni as the addressee. [17] [18] [19] A placeholder for a time in the far past is תרפפ״ו (tarapapu), which resembles a year number in the Hebrew calendar.
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Fillers are words like well and um that fill gaps in discourse while speakers search for words, or are often used for effect, e.g. She was, um, not the most intelligent of teachers is a politer way of saying she was stupid. Fillers share certain features with interjections, most notably they are distinct from the rest of the clause in terms of ...