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Inventory (American English) or stock (British English) refers to the goods and materials that a business holds for the ultimate goal of resale, production or utilisation. [ nb 1 ] Inventory management is a discipline primarily about specifying the shape and placement of stocked goods.
In certain business operations, taking a physical inventory is impossible or impractical. In such a situation, it is necessary to estimate the inventory cost. Two very popular methods are 1)- retail inventory method, and 2)- gross profit (or gross margin) method. The retail inventory method uses a cost to retail price ratio.
Inventory planning involves using forecasting techniques to estimate the inventory required to meet consumer demand. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The process uses data from customer demand patterns, market trends , supply patterns, and historical sales to generate a demand plan that predicts product needs over a specified period.
In inventory management, a stock keeping unit (abbreviated as SKU, pronounced es-kay-YOO or SKEW [1]) is the unit of measure in which the stocks of a material are managed.It is a distinct type of item for sale, [2] purchase, or tracking in inventory, [3] such as a product or service, and all attributes associated with the item type that distinguish it from other item types (for a product ...
Stock-taking or "inventory checking" or "wall-to-wall" is the physical verification of the quantities and condition of items held in an inventory or warehouse. This may be done to provide an audit of existing stock.
Physical inventory is a process where a business physically counts its entire inventory.A physical inventory may be mandated by financial accounting rules or the tax regulations to place an accurate value on the inventory, or the business may need to count inventory so component parts or raw materials can be restocked.
FIFO and LIFO accounting are methods used in managing inventory and financial matters involving the amount of money a company has to have tied up within inventory of produced goods, raw materials, parts, components, or feedstocks. They are used to manage assumptions of costs related to inventory, stock repurchases (if purchased at different ...
Perpetual inventory systems can still be vulnerable to errors due to overstatements (phantom inventory) or understatements (missing inventory) that can occur as a result of theft, breakage, scanning errors or untracked inventory movements, leading to systematic errors in replenishment. [2] The perpetual inventory formula is very straightforward.