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The external gills seen in salamanders differs greatly from that of amphibians with internalized gills. Unlike amphibians with internalized gills which typically rely on the changing of pressures within the buccal and pharyngeal cavities to ensure diffusion of oxygen onto the gill curtain, neotenic salamanders such as Necturus use specified ...
The largest species of lungless salamanders, Bell's false brook salamander, can reach lengths of 36 cm (14 in). [5] Many species have a projectile tongue and hyoid apparatus, which they can fire almost a body length at high speed to capture prey. Measured in individual numbers, they are very successful animals where they occur.
External gills are the gills of an animal, most typically an amphibian, that are exposed to the environment, rather than set inside the pharynx and covered by gill slits, as they are in most fishes. Instead, the respiratory organs are set on a frill of stalks protruding from the sides of an animal's head. The axolotl has three pairs of external ...
[15] [16] The common mudpuppy never leaves its aquatic environment and therefore does not undergo morphogenesis; however, many salamanders do and develop differentiated teeth. [17] Aquatic salamander teeth are used to hinder escape of the prey from the salamander; they do not have a crushing function. [17] This aids the salamander when feeding.
[13] [14] External gills are usually lost when salamander species mature into adulthood, although the axolotl maintains this feature. [15] This is due to their neoteny evolution, where axolotls are much more aquatic than other salamander species. [16] Their heads are wide, and their eyes are lidless.
Sirenidae, the sirens, are a family of neotenic aquatic salamanders. Family members have very small fore limbs and lack hind limbs altogether. [1] In one species, the skeleton in their fore limbs is made of only cartilage. In contrast to most other salamanders, they have external gills bunched together on the neck in both larval and adult
Amphiuma is a genus of aquatic salamanders from the United States, [2] the only extant genus within the family Amphiumidae / æ m f ɪ ˈ juː m ɪ d iː /. [3] They are colloquially known as amphiumas. [2]
Pacific giant salamanders are defined by their wide protruding eyes, costal grooves, thick arms, and dark background coloring. Dicamptodon have a snout-vent-length (SVL) of 350 mm (14 in), a broad head, laterally flexible flattened tails, paired premaxillae that are separate from the nasals, and the aquatic larvae have gills.