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The French Revolution (French: Révolution française [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]) was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate.
The French Revolutionary Wars (French: Guerres de la Révolution française) were a series of sweeping military conflicts resulting from the French Revolution that lasted from 1792 until 1802. They pitted France against Great Britain , Austria , Prussia , Russia , and several other countries.
French Republican Calendar of 1794, drawn by Philibert-Louis Debucourt. The French Republican calendar (French: calendrier républicain français), also commonly called the French Revolutionary calendar (calendrier révolutionnaire français), was a calendar created and implemented during the French Revolution, and used by the French government for about 12 years from late 1793 to 1805, and ...
Soldiers of the French Revolution (1989) Forrest, Alan. Conscripts and Deserters: The Army and French Society during Revolution and the Empire (1989) excerpt and text search; Griffith, Paddy. The Art of War of Revolutionary France, 1789–1802 (1998) excerpt and text search; Hazen, Charles Downer – The French Revolution (2 vol 1932) 948 pages.
The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, [5] sometimes called the Great French War, were a series of conflicts between the French and several European monarchies between 1792 and 1815. They encompass first the French Revolutionary Wars against the newly declared French Republic and from 1803 onwards the Napoleonic Wars against First Consul ...
DiPadova, Theodore A. "The Girondins and the Question of Revolutionary Government", French Historical Studies (1976) 9#3 pp. 432–450 JSTOR 286230. Ellery, Eloise. Brissot De Warville: A Study in the History of the French Revolution (1915) excerpt and text search. François Furet and Mona Ozouf. eds. La Gironde et les Girondins. Paris ...
The French army performed poorly in the first engagements. At the Battle of Marquain near Tournai (29 April), French soldiers fled almost at first sight of the Austrian outposts and murdered their general Théobald Dillon, whom they accused of treason. Meanwhile, general Biron suffered a defeat at Quiévrain near Mons.
The War of Independence alone cost 1.3 billion livres, [37] [38] more than double the Crown's annual revenue, and in a single year—1781—227 million livres were spent on the campaign. The Seven Years' War was even more costly, at 1.8 billion livres, [39] and the war preceding that, the War of the Austrian Succession, cost another billion ...