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  2. Felsic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felsic

    In geology, felsic is a modifier describing igneous rocks that are relatively rich in elements that form feldspar and quartz. [1] It is contrasted with mafic rocks, which are richer in magnesium and iron. Felsic refers to silicate minerals, magma, and rocks which are enriched in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium ...

  3. Igneous rock - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock

    Igneous rock (igneous from Latin igneus 'fiery'), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. The magma can be derived from partial melts of existing rocks in either a planet 's mantle or crust.

  4. Magma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magma

    Magma (sometimes colloquially but incorrectly referred to as lava) is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and evidence of magmatism has also been discovered on other terrestrial planets and some natural satellites. [3] Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals and gas bubbles.

  5. Volcano - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano

    Felsic lavas (dacites or rhyolites) are highly viscous and are erupted as domes or short, stubby flows. [40] Lassen Peak in California is an example of a volcano formed from felsic lava and is actually a large lava dome. [41] Because felsic magmas are so viscous, they tend to trap volatiles (gases) that are present, which leads to explosive ...

  6. Types of volcanic eruptions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions

    Types of volcanic eruptions. Some of the eruptive structures formed during volcanic activity (counterclockwise): a Plinian eruption column, Hawaiian pahoehoe flows, and a lava arc from a Strombolian eruption. Several types of volcanic eruptions —during which material is expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure —have been distinguished by ...

  7. Lava - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava

    The word lava comes from Italian and is probably derived from the Latin word labes, which means a fall or slide. [2] [3] An early use of the word in connection with extrusion of magma from below the surface is found in a short account of the 1737 eruption of Vesuvius, written by Francesco Serao, who described "a flow of fiery lava" as an analogy to the flow of water and mud down the flanks of ...

  8. Igneous intrusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_intrusion

    In geology, an igneous intrusion (or intrusive body[1] or simply intrusion[2]) is a body of intrusive igneous rock that forms by crystallization of magma slowly cooling below the surface of the Earth. Intrusions have a wide variety of forms and compositions, illustrated by examples like the Palisades Sill of New York and New Jersey; [3] the ...

  9. Large igneous province - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_igneous_province

    A large igneous province (LIP) is an extremely large accumulation of igneous rocks, including intrusive (sills, dikes) and extrusive (lava flows, tephra deposits), arising when magma travels through the crust towards the surface. The formation of LIPs is variously attributed to mantle plumes or to processes associated with divergent plate ...