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[citation needed] DMARDs can be further subdivided into traditional small molecular mass drugs synthesised chemically and newer "biological" agents produced through genetic engineering. Some DMARDs (e.g. the purine synthesis inhibitors ) are mild chemotherapeutics , but use a side effect of chemotherapy— immunosuppression —as their main ...
Conventional DMARDs are known to be the first-line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. [9] Treatment can be a monotherapy or in combination with other anti-arthritic medications. Common DMARDs include oral methotrexate, leflunomide, or sulfasalazine. Conventional DMARDs have a slow onset of action and can take 2–3 months to exhibit effect. [9]
[1] [6] [7] Pain medications, steroids, and NSAIDs are frequently used to help with symptoms. [1] Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate, may be used to try to slow the progression of disease. [1] Biological DMARDs may be used when the disease does not respond to other treatments. [8]
Drug resistance is the reduction in effectiveness of a medication such as an antimicrobial or an antineoplastic in treating a disease or condition. [1] The term is used in the context of resistance that pathogens or cancers have "acquired", that is, resistance has evolved.
The drug or other substance has a potential for abuse less than the drugs or other substances in schedules I and II. The drug or other substance has a currently [1] accepted medical use in treatment in the United States. Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence.
Insulin resistance, or low insulin sensitivity, happens when cells throughout the body don’t respond properly to the hormone insulin, especially cells in muscles, fat and the liver.
Immunosuppressive drugs, also known as immunosuppressive agents, immunosuppressants and antirejection medications, are drugs that inhibit or prevent the activity of the immune system. Classification [ edit ]
Leflunomide is an immunomodulatory drug that achieves its effects by inhibiting the mitochondrial enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), which plays a key role in the de novo synthesis of uridine monophosphate (rUMP), which is required for the synthesis of DNA and RNA.