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The history of the Jews in Venezuela dates to the middle of the 17th century, when records suggest that groups of marranos (Spanish and Portuguese descendants of baptized Jews suspected of secret adherence to Judaism) lived in Tucacas, Caracas and Maracaibo.
Antisemitism in Venezuela has occurred throughout the history of the Jews in Venezuela. [1] However, under the presidencies of both Hugo Chávez and Nicolás Maduro , allegations of antisemitism grew following actions and statements by the Venezuelan government, while also occurring in public incidents.
Currently, there are around 10,000 Jews living in Venezuela, with more than half living in the capital Caracas. [73] Venezuelan Jewry is split equally between Sephardim and Ashkenazim. All but one of the country's 15 synagogues are Orthodox. The majority of Venezuela's Jews are members of the middle class.
The Israelite Association of Venezuela (Spanish: Asociación Israelita de Venezuela), known as Tiferet Israel, is an association for Sephardic Jews living in Venezuela. Founded in the 1920s in Caracas , it is the oldest surviving Jewish organization in Venezuela.
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As much as 60% of Venezuela's Jewish population has sought refuge in Israel since Chávez took office in 1999, when there were 22,000 Jews in Venezuela. This number has been dwindling to around 6,000 Jews still left in Venezuela as of 2019. [113] Over 11,000 Venezuelans have emigrated to Israel since the start of the crisis. [215]
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By early 2013, only 9,000 Jews lived in Venezuela and in early 2015, it was reported that under 7,000 lived in the country. [ 3 ] Among destinations for the 15–16,000 Jews leaving Venezuela, the prime destination was the United States , particularly Miami , and the rest went to Israel . [ 11 ]