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The number of possible values that an integer bit depth can represent can be calculated by using 2 n, where n is the bit depth. [1] Thus, a 16-bit system has a resolution of 65,536 (2 16) possible values. Integer PCM audio data is typically stored as signed numbers in two's complement format. [2]
The Signal-to-quantization-noise ratio is a multiple of the bit depth. Audio CDs use a bit depth of 16-bits, while DVD-Video and Blu-ray discs can use 24-bit audio. The maximum dynamic range of a 16-bit system is about 96 dB, [ 10 ] while for 24 bit it is about 144 dB.
The value of n equals the resolution of the system in bits or the resolution of the system minus 1 bit (the measure error). For example, a 16-bit system has a theoretical minimum noise floor of −98.09 dBFS relative to a full-scale sine wave:
Each additional bit adds approximately 6 dB in possible SNR (e.g. 24 x 6 = 144 dB for 24-bit and 120 dB for 20-bit quantization). The 16-bit digital system of Red Book audio CD has 2 16 = 65,536 possible signal amplitudes, theoretically allowing for an SNR of 98 dB .
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POW-R (Psychoacoustically Optimized Wordlength Reduction) is a set of commercial dithering and noise shaping algorithms used in digital audio bit-depth reduction.Developed by a consortium of four companies – The POW-R Consortium – the algorithms were first made available in 1999 in digital audio hardware products.
Maximum bit depth: 16 or 24 bits [1] ... In October 2014 a plugfest was held to test interoperability achieved with AES67. [14] ... Amplifiers [56] various: Q-SYS ...