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Most steady-flow devices operate under adiabatic conditions, and the ideal process for these devices is the isentropic process. The parameter that describes how efficiently a device approximates a corresponding isentropic device is called isentropic or adiabatic efficiency. [12] Isentropic efficiency of turbines:
In thermal physics and thermodynamics, the heat capacity ratio, also known as the adiabatic index, the ratio of specific heats, or Laplace's coefficient, is the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure (C P) to heat capacity at constant volume (C V).
A vertical line in the h–s chart represents an isentropic process. The process 3–4 in a Rankine cycle is isentropic when the steam turbine is said to be an ideal one. So the expansion process in a turbine can be easily calculated using the h–s chart when the process is considered to be ideal (which is the case normally when calculating ...
For a heat engine, thermal efficiency is the ratio of the net work output to the heat input; in the case of a heat pump, thermal efficiency (known as the coefficient of performance or COP) is the ratio of net heat output (for heating), or the net heat removed (for cooling) to the energy input (external work). The efficiency of a heat engine is ...
Isentropic efficiency of the compression (feed pump) and expansion (turbine) processes, dimensionless ,,, The "specific enthalpies" at indicated points on the T–s diagram: The final "specific enthalpy" of the fluid if the turbine were isentropic,
The isentropic efficiency is . The variation of fluid density for compressible flows requires attention to density and other fluid property relationships. The fluid equation of state , often unimportant for incompressible flows, is vital in the analysis of compressible flows.
The isentropic efficiency is found by dividing the actual work by the ideal work. [29] = where h 3 is the specific enthalpy at state three; h 4 is the specific enthalpy at state 4 for the actual turbine; h 4s is the specific enthalpy at state 4s for the isentropic turbine
By defining the compression cycle as isentropic, an ideal efficiency for the process can be attained, and the ideal compressor performance can be compared to the actual performance of the machine. Isotropic Compression as used in ASME PTC 10 Code refers to a reversible, adiabatic compression process [28] Isentropic efficiency of Compressors: