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  2. Federal Budget & Expenditures | Definition, Types & Examples

    study.com/academy/lesson/federal-expenditures-definition-and-examples.html

    The federal budget is defined as an itemized plan that the United States government uses to outline its spending and revenue for a given fiscal year. A fiscal year is the 12-month period the ...

  3. National Budget Definition, History & Process - Lesson -...

    study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-the-national-budget-definition-history...

    Learn the national budget definition and understand how the U.S. federal budget works. Study the history of the U.S. federal budget and explore the budget process. Updated: 11/21/2023

  4. Federal Budget: Entitlement, Defense & Discretionary Spending

    study.com/academy/lesson/federal-budget-entitlement-defense-discretionary...

    The federal budget of about $3.5 trillion is spent on entitlement, defense, and discretionary spending. Explore the federal budget, the national debt, and how much the government spends on ...

  5. Budget Deficit | Definition, Causes & Effects - Lesson -...

    study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-budget-deficit-definition-causes-history.html

    Generally, budget deficits are caused by: Planned government spending such as infrastructural, defense, or medical investments. Tax cuts that reduce government revenue below national spending. A ...

  6. Pork Barrel Legislation & Spending | Definition & Examples

    study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-pork-barrel-spending-definition-examples.html

    Pork barrel spending is the allocation of federal funds to local projects at the will of a congressperson, also sometimes called earmarking. Pork barrel spending occurs when members of Congress ...

  7. Cyclical vs. Structural Deficits: Definitions & Examples

    study.com/academy/lesson/cyclical-vs-structural-deficits-definitions-examples.html

    The cyclical deficit is caused by the ups and downs of the business cycle. You see when the business cycle is in an expansion phase and the economy is doing well, two things happen: The government ...

  8. Budget Surplus | Definition & Examples - Study.com

    study.com/academy/lesson/budget-surplus-definition-lesson-quiz.html

    Budget deficits as well as budget surpluses can be found in countless everyday situations. For example, Brian did his monthly budget and realized that he was $50 short of being able to meet all of ...

  9. Unfunded Mandate | Definition, Reform Act & Examples

    study.com/academy/lesson/unfunded-mandates-definition-examples.html

    The federal mandate definition is any national regulation or court ruling that is imposed on state and local governments and is enforceable by law. Federal mandates could arise from an unfunded ...

  10. Encumbrances in Government Budgeting: Definition & Formula

    study.com/academy/lesson/encumbrances-in-government-budgeting-definition...

    Revenue & Expenditures. When Khalid is making his personal budget, it's pretty simple. He calculates how much money he's earning and then subtracts how much money he's spending. That tells him if ...

  11. Federal Budget Lesson Plan - Study.com

    study.com/academy/lesson/federal-budget-lesson-plan.html

    Tammy teaches business courses at the post-secondary and secondary level and has a master's of business administration in finance. What is the federal budget and how is it allocated? In this ...