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The tarpan (Equus ferus ferus) was a free-ranging horse subspecies of the Eurasian steppe from the 18th to the 20th century. [1] It is generally unknown whether those horses represented genuine wild horses, feral domestic horses or hybrids. [1] The last individual believed to be a tarpan died in captivity in the Russian Empire in 1909. [2]
All four horses came from the Munich Zoo and in the early 1990s, all Heck horses in the United States traced back to these animals. Several private breeders in the United States now use these horses for riding and light driving. [2] In the early 1960s, the North American Tarpan Association was founded by Heck horse enthusiasts to promote the ...
A 1995 study of morphological characteristics, the outward appearance of organisms, indicated that the Exmoor, the Pottock, and the now-extinct Tarpan have an extremely close resemblance; these breeds were consistently grouped together in the results from several analyses, with the Exmoor showing the closest relationship to the Tarpan of all ...
The term "wild horse" is also used colloquially in reference to free-roaming herds of feral horses; for example, the mustang in the United States, [15] and the brumby in Australia. [16] These feral horses are untamed members of the domestic horse (Equus caballus), not to be confused with the truly "wild" horse subspecies extant into modern times.
The breed averages 140 centimetres (13.3 hands) in stallions and 136 cm (13.2 h) in mares, [5] [2]: 340 and shares certain outward characteristics with other northern breeds like the Shetland pony, Fjord horse and Icelandic horse, including sturdy stature, thick mane and heavy hair coat, [4] their coat ranging from 8 to 15 centimeters. [6]
Several breeds with the grulla color have been developed in efforts to recreate ("breed back") the tarpan. These breeds include the Heck horse and Konik. One of the first experiments in this regard was published in 1906 by James Cossar Ewart, who obtained a "tarpan-like" horse by crossing a Shetland mare and a black Welsh pony. [9
Mountain Pleasure Horse: Moyle [2]: 488 Ranch and endurance horse, bred in Utah by Rex Moyle from Colonial Spanish and Cleveland Bay stock [2]: 487 [5]: 183 Mustang [2]: 488 American Mustang [2]: 434 Narragansett Pacer [2]: 488 extinct: National Show Horse [2]: 488 Nemaiah Valley Horse [1] [failed verification] Newfoundland Pony [1] [3]
During World War II, the horses introduced by Vetulani to Białowieża were removed by German brothers Heinz Heck and Lutz Heck and brought to Munich and Berlin to be used as breeding stock for their own attempt to recreate the tarpan, which would ultimately produce a horse breed known as Heck horses. Vetulani viewed this as a "baffling ...