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2. Gemological Institute of America - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemological_Institute_of...

   Gemological Institute of America (GIA) The Gemological Institute of America (GIA) is a nonprofit institute based in Carlsbad, California. It is dedicated to research and education in the field of gemology and the jewelry arts. [1] Founded in 1931, GIA's mission is to protect buyers and sellers of gemstones by setting and maintaining the ...

3. Diamond clarity - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_clarity

   Diamond certified FL (flawless) by the GIA Two diamonds of grade VS 1 and SI 2 respectively. The GIA diamond grading scale is divided into six categories and eleven grades. [2] The clarity categories and grades are: [3] Flawless category (FL) diamonds have no inclusions or blemishes visible under 10× magnification. [3]

4. International Gemological Institute - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Gemological...

   IGI has the only international certification lab controlled by one central governing body that adheres to one internationally accepted system for diamond grading. [citation needed] IGI is International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001: 2000 certified in four countries, including the United States, Canada, India and the United Arab ...

5. Diamond (gemstone) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_(gemstone)

   Gemological Institute of America (GIA) was the first laboratory in America to issue modern diamond reports, [31] and is held in high regard amongst gemologists for its consistent, conservative grading. Diamond High Council (HRD) Official certification laboratory of the Belgian diamond industry, located in Antwerp. [32]

6. Kimberley Process Certification Scheme - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberley_Process...

   Ongoing conflicts in Africa. The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) is the process established in 2003 to prevent "conflict diamonds" from entering the mainstream rough diamond market by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 55/56 following recommendations in the Fowler Report. The process was set up "to ensure that diamond ...

7. Gemstone - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

   Gemstone. Group of precious and semiprecious stones—both uncut and faceted—including (clockwise from top left) diamond, uncut synthetic sapphire, ruby, uncut emerald, and amethyst crystal cluster. A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or ...