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Glucose is a monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group, and is therefore an aldohexose. The glucose molecule can exist in an open-chain (acyclic) as well as ring (cyclic) form. Glucose is naturally occurring and is found in its free state in fruits and other parts of plants.
Cyclodextrin. Chemical structure of the three main types of cyclodextrins. Cyclodextrins are a family of cyclic oligosaccharides, consisting of a macrocyclic ring of glucose subunits joined by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Cyclodextrins are produced from starch by enzymatic conversion. They are used in food, pharmaceutical, drug delivery, and ...
Polysaccharide. 3D structure of cellulose, a beta-glucan polysaccharide. Amylose is a linear polymer of glucose mainly linked with α (1→4) bonds. It can be made of several thousands of glucose units. It is one of the two components of starch, the other being amylopectin. Polysaccharides (/ ˌpɒliˈsækəraɪd /), or polycarbohydrates, are ...
A disaccharide (also called a double sugar or biose) [1] is the sugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage. [2] Like monosaccharides, disaccharides are simple sugars soluble in water. Three common examples are sucrose, lactose, and maltose. Disaccharides are one of the four chemical groupings of carbohydrates ...
Galactose (/ ɡəˈlæktoʊs /, galacto- + -ose, "milk sugar"), sometimes abbreviated Gal, is a monosaccharide sugar that is about as sweet as glucose, and about 65% as sweet as sucrose. [2] It is an aldohexose and a C-4 epimer of glucose. [3] A galactose molecule linked with a glucose molecule forms a lactose molecule.
Maltose (/ ˈmɔːltoʊs / [2] or / ˈmɔːltoʊz / [3]), also known as maltobiose or malt sugar, is a disaccharide formed from two units of glucose joined with an α (1→4) bond. In the isomer isomaltose, the two glucose molecules are joined with an α (1→6) bond. Maltose is the two-unit member of the amylose homologous series, the key ...
A higher glucose concentration results in more Hb A 1c. Because the reaction is slow, the Hb A 1c proportion represents glucose level in blood averaged over the half-life of red blood cells, is typically ~120 days. An Hb A 1c proportion of 6.0% or less show good long-term glucose control, while values above 7.0% are elevated. This test is ...
α-Glucans (alpha- glucans) are polysaccharides of D-glucose monomers linked with glycosidic bonds of the alpha form. α-Glucans use cofactors in a cofactor site in order to activate a glucan phosphorylase enzyme. This enzyme causes a reaction that transfers a glucosyl portion between orthophosphate and α-I,4-glucan.