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Thunderbolt is the brand name of a hardware interface for the connection of external peripherals to a computer.It was developed by Intel in collaboration with Apple. [7] [8] It was initially marketed under the name Light Peak, and first sold as part of an end-user product on 24 February 2011.
CTL-I (Controller Interface) [3] was an 8-bit word serial interface introduced by IBM for its mainframe hard disk drives beginning with the 3333 in 1972. [4] The 3333 was the first unit in a string of up to eight 3330 type hard disk drives ; it contained a CTL-I controller and two 3330 type disk drives.
USB-C plug USB-C (SuperSpeed USB 5Gbps) receptacle on an MSI laptop. USB-C, or USB Type-C, is a 24-pin connector (not a protocol) that supersedes previous USB connectors and can carry audio, video, and other data, to connect to monitors or external drives.
As an example, assume the case of Wake-on-LAN. Traditionally, the OS controls Wake-on-LAN and must call third-party device drivers to enable support on a network card. With the HECI bus, the host is able to assert its request line (REQ#), the ME will assert its grant line (GNT#), and the host can send its message using its serial transmit signal.
As its name implies, an HP-IL network formed a loop (i.e. it was a Ring network): each device in the loop had a pair of two-wire connections, one designated in, which received messages from the previous device in the loop; and one designated out, which delivered messages to the next device in the loop.
In contrast, Uncore functions include QPI controllers, L3 cache, snoop agent pipeline, on-die memory controller, on-die PCI Express Root Complex, and Thunderbolt controller. [3] Other bus controllers such as SPI and LPC are part of the chipset. [4] The Intel uncore design stems from its origin as the northbridge. The design of the Intel uncore ...
The network controller implements the electronic circuitry required to communicate using a specific physical layer and data link layer standard such as Ethernet or Wi-Fi. [a] This provides a base for a full network protocol stack, allowing communication among computers on the same local area network (LAN) and large-scale network communications through routable protocols, such as Internet ...
IEEE 1394 is an interface standard for a serial bus for high-speed communications and isochronous real-time data transfer. It was developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s by Apple in cooperation with a number of companies, primarily Sony and Panasonic.