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The structure of Matthew 5 can be broken down as follows: Matthew 5:1–12 – Setting and Beatitudes; Matthew 5:13–16 – Salt of the earth and light of the world; Matthew 5:17–20 – Law and the Prophets; Matthew 5:21–26 – Do not hate; Matthew 5:27–30 – Do not lust; Matthew 5:31–32 – Do not divorce except for sexual misconduct
The last verse of chapter 5 of Matthew (Matthew 5:48) [29] is a focal point of the Sermon that summarizes its teachings by advising the disciples to seek perfection. [30] The Greek word telios used to refer to perfection also implies an end, or destination, advising the disciples to seek the path towards perfection and the Kingdom of God. [30]
Gundry's theory is that the author of Matthew wanted to remove the woes for later use against the Pharisees in Matthew 23, however he wanted to keep the same eightfold structure and thus needed to create four new sayings. He sees this verse as essentially just a rephrasing of Matthew 5:3; this same wording is also found at Psalm 37:11.
The verse is paralleled in Mark 9:50; [5] Luke 14:34–35 also has a version of this text similar to the one in Mark. [6] There are a wide number of references to salt in the Old Testament. Leviticus 2:13, [7] Numbers 18:19, [8] and 2 Chronicles 13:5 [9] all present salt as a sign of God's covenant.
The first discourse (Matthew 5–7) is called the Sermon on the Mount and is one of the best known and most quoted parts of the New Testament. [6] It includes the Beatitudes, the Lord's Prayer and the Golden Rule. To most believers in Jesus, the Sermon on the Mount contains the central tenets of Christian discipleship. [6]
Matthew 5:15 and Matthew 5:16 are the fifteenth and sixteenth verses of the fifth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament. They are part of the Sermon on the Mount, and form one of a series of metaphors often seen as adding to the Beatitudes. Verse 14 compared the disciples to a city upon a hill which cannot be hidden.
Matthew 5:46 is the forty-sixth verse of the fifth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. This is the third verse of the final antithesis, built on the commandment "Love thy neighbour as thyself". Jesus here gives another example of why one must love one's enemies.
This verse is generally believed to have been taken from Psalm 24:3–5 either by Jesus or the author of Matthew who was adding this verse that is not found in Luke. A number of scholars have been certain that there were originally seven Beatitudes, as seven was a holy number.