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Sociologist Yang Su used a definition of mass killing from Valentino but allows as a "significant number" more than 10 killed in one day in one town. [42] He used collective killing for analysis of mass killing in areas smaller than a whole country that may not meet Valentino's threshold. [43]
[81] [3] British historian Michael Ellman argues that mass deaths from famines should be placed in a different category than the repression victims, mentioning that throughout Russian history famines and droughts have been a common occurrence, including the Russian famine of 1921–1922, triggered by Stalin's predecessor Vladimir Lenin's war ...
Robert Davies, Stephen Kotkin, and Stephen Wheatcroft reject the notion that Stalin intentionally wanted to kill the Ukrainians, but exacerbated the situation by enacting bad policies and ignorance of the problem, [29] [30] which, according to historian John Archibald Getty, was the overwhelming weight of opinion among scholars who studied the ...
People of Vinnytsia searching for relatives among the victims of the Vinnytsia massacre exhumed from a mass grave in 1943. In the final years of the USSR and after its dissolution in 1991, killing fields and burial sites were uncovered and memorialised across the countries of the former Soviet Union. [ 5 ]
According to Snyder, "the Germans deliberately killed about 11 million noncombatants, a figure that rises to more than 12 million if foreseeable deaths from deportation, hunger, and sentences in concentration camps are included. For the Soviets during the Stalin period, the analogous figures are approximately 6 million and 9 million." [3]
The reason is simple: as a rule, people who discuss these figures are trying to convey a very specific point, namely, that Stalinism killed more people than Nazism. However, a comparison of excess mortality during Stalin's rule with mass killings perpetrated by Nazi is a comparison of apples with oranges. And, we must keep in mind that excess ...
In 2007, one such site, the Butovo firing range near Moscow, was turned into a shrine to the victims of Stalinism. Between August 1937 and October 1938, more than 20,000 people were shot and buried there. [197]
The list of people from the Belarusian SSR sentenced to be executed included 103 persons, and six more persons who were sentenced to ten or more years in concentration camps. The initial list was extended by the NKVD of the Belarusian SSR. People added to the list by the NKVD of Belarus are marked with an asterisk (*) in the list below.