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New York Point (New York Point: ) is a braille-like system of tactile writing for the blind invented by William Bell Wait (1839–1916), a teacher in the New York Institute for the Education of the Blind. The system used one to four pairs of points set side by side, each containing one or two dots.
The Unicode names of braille dot patterns are not the same as what many English speakers would use colloquially. In particular, Unicode names use the word dots in the plural even when only one dot is listed: thus Unicode says braille pattern dots-5 when most English-speaking users of braille would simply say "braille dot 5" or just "dot 5".
The dot positions are identified by numbers from one to six. [2] There are 64 possible combinations, including no dots at all for a word space. [3] Dot configurations can be used to represent a letter, digit, punctuation mark, or even a word. [2] Early braille education is crucial to literacy, education and employment among the blind.
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The 64 braille patterns are arranged into decades based on the numerical order of those patterns. The first decade are the numerals 1 through 0, which utilize only the top and mid row of the cell; the 2nd through 4th decades are derived from the first by adding dots to the bottom row; the 5th decade is created by shifting the first decade downwards.
The person writing begins in the upper right, each combination of dots in the cell has to be completed backward. The awl is positioned and pressed to form a depression in the paper. The writer moves to one of the other dots in the cell or to the next cell as appropriate. [7] The slate is repositioned as needed to continue writing on the paper.
A tactile alphabet is a system for writing material that the blind can read by touch. While currently the Braille system is the most popular and some materials have been prepared in Moon type , historically, many other tactile alphabets have existed:
The Braille pattern dots-5 ( ⠐) is a 6-dot braille cell with the middle right dot raised, or an 8-dot braille cell with the upper-middle right dot raised. It is represented by the Unicode code point U+2810, and in Braille ASCII with a quote mark: ".