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Communism has been a part of French politics since the early 20th century at the latest. It has been described as "an enduring presence on the French political scene" for most of the 20th century. [1] In 1920, the French Section of the Communist International was founded. [2]
The authors of The Black Book of Communism have also estimated that 9.3 million people were killed under communist rule in other states: 2 million in North Korea, 2 million in Cambodia, 1.7 million in Africa, 1.5 million in Afghanistan, 1 million in Vietnam, 1 million in Eastern Europe and 150,000 in Latin America.
[29] [30] Mélenchon won 11.1% in the first round of the presidential election on 22 April 2012. The 2012 legislative election in June saw the FG win 6.9%, a result below Mélenchon's first round result but significantly higher than the PCF's result in 2007. Nevertheless, the PCF – which made up the bulk of FG incumbents and candidates ...
15 Parties that have still retained their old social democratic programmes have the obligation of changing those programmes as quickly as possible and working out a new communist programme corresponding to the particular conditions in the country and in accordance with the decisions of the Communist International.
It has not attributed the failure of the Soviet Union as being that of communism, rather stating that the failure of Soviet socialism was the failure of one model "among others", including the capitalist or social democratic models. [23]: 176–177 It also tried to downplay the PCF's historic attachment to Moscow and the Soviet Union.
"Anti-socialism" redirects here. For opposition to communism, see Anti-communism. For other uses, see Antisocial (disambiguation). This article is about criticism of socialist economic systems and political movements. For criticism of Communist states, see Criticism of Communist party rule. For criticism of Marxism, a branch of socialism, see Criticism of Marxism. For criticism of social ...
Many notable academics such as Karl Popper, David Prychitko, Robert C. Allen, and Francis Fukuyama argue that many of Marx's predictions have failed. [ 90 ] [ 91 ] [ 92 ] Marx predicted that wages would tend to depreciate and that capitalist economies would suffer worsening economic crises leading to the ultimate overthrow of the capitalist system.
The trend was especially prominent in Italy, Spain, and France. [1] It is commonly considered to have been prompted by the Prague Spring . Although the various parties converged against the Soviet factor, their own doctrines remained as different at the dissolution of the movement as they originally were before 1968.