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Syncom 2 was the first communications satellite in a geosynchronous orbit. It revolved around the Earth once per day at constant speed, but because it still had north–south motion, special equipment was needed to track it. [19] Its successor, Syncom 3, launched on 19 July 1964, was the first geostationary communications satellite. Syncom 3 ...
The first successful laser-communication link from space was carried out by Japan in 1995 between the NASDA's ETS-VI GEO satellite and the 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)'s optical ground station in Tokyo achieving 1 Mbit/s. [5]
Satellite-based communication systems, for example, require dual-band beam-steering capabilities to handle uplink and downlink data streams simultaneously. [ 7 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The development of beam-steering antennas for Satellite Communication on the Move (SOTM) systems [ 7 ] highlights the need for antennas that are not only efficient but also ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 2 January 2025. Objects intentionally placed into orbit This article is about human-made satellites. For moons, see Natural satellite. For other uses, see Satellite (disambiguation). Two CubeSats orbiting around Earth after being deployed from the ISS KibÅ module's Small Satellite Orbital Deployer A ...
Techniques known since the 1940s and used in military communication systems since the 1950s "spread" a radio signal over a wide frequency range several magnitudes higher than minimum requirement. The core principle of spread spectrum is the use of noise-like carrier waves, and, as the name implies, bandwidths much wider than that required for ...
The technology demonstration payload will be positioned above the equator, a prime location for line-of-sight to other orbiting satellites and ground stations. Space laser communications technology has the potential to provide 10 to 100 times higher data rates than traditional radio frequency systems for the same mass and power. Alternatively ...
On April 6, 1965, the first commercial satellite was launched into space, Intelsat I, nicknamed Early Bird. [4] The first commercial VSATs were C band (6 GHz) receive-only systems by Equatorial Communications using spread spectrum technology. More than 30,000 60 cm antenna systems were sold in the early 1980s.
A high-throughput satellite (HTS) is a communications satellite which provides more throughput than a classic fixed service satellite (FSS). An HTS provides at least twice, though usually 20 times or more, [ 1 ] throughput for the same amount of allocated orbital spectrum , thus significantly reducing cost-per-bit. [ 2 ]