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The after-tax rate of return is calculated by multiplying the rate of return by the tax rate, then subtracting that percentage from the rate of return. A return of 5% taxed at 15% gives an after-tax return of 4.25%; 0.05 x 0.15 = 0.0075 0.05 − 0.0075 = 0.0425 = 4.25%. A return of 10% taxed at 25% gives an after-tax return of 7.5%; 0.10 x 0.25 ...
Sometimes the − is used to indicate a better grade if it stands after the grade and a lower grade if it stands before the grade (in which case − is a symbol for "bis", e.g. 'to', rather than 'minus'), for example −5 (4.75) is lower than 5 which is lower than 5− (5.25) in that system. In some regions, decimal grades are used: 5.5, 4.5, etc.
The variable y is directly proportional to the variable x with proportionality constant ~0.6. The variable y is inversely proportional to the variable x with proportionality constant 1. In mathematics, two sequences of numbers, often experimental data, are proportional or directly proportional if their corresponding elements have a constant ratio.
A percentage over 80 is considered excellent; between 60 and 80 is considered to be 'first division'; between 40 and 60 is considered to be 'second division'. The Percentage System works as follows: the maximum number of marks possible is 100, the minimum is 0, and the minimum number of marks required to pass is 35.
The 8 decimal values whose digits are all 8s or 9s have four codings each. The bits marked x in the table above are ignored on input, but will always be 0 in computed results. (The 8 × 3 = 24 non-standard encodings fill in the gap between 10 3 = 1000 and 2 10 = 1024.
Largest intraday percentage drops An intraday percentage drop is defined as the difference between the previous trading session's closing price and the intraday low of the following trading session. The closing percentage change denotes the ultimate percentage change recorded after the corresponding trading session's close.
Pauling's second rule is that the value of the first pK a for acids of the formula XO m (OH) n depends primarily on the number of oxo groups m, and is approximately independent of the number of hydroxy groups n, and also of the central atom X. Approximate values of pK a are 8 for m = 0, 2 for m = 1, −3 for m = 2 and < −10 for m = 3. [28]
The standard designation for a UTS thread is a number indicating the nominal (major) diameter of the thread, followed by the pitch measured in threads per inch.For diameters smaller than 1 / 4 inch, the diameter is indicated by an integer number defined in the standard; for all other diameters, the inch figure is given.