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  2. Voiceless alveolar fricative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative

    The voiceless alveolar fricatives are a type of fricative consonant pronounced with the tip or blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge (gum line) just behind the teeth. This refers to a class of sounds, not a single sound. There are at least six types with significant perceptual differences:

  3. Fricative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricative

    A fricative is a consonant produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. [1] These may be the lower lip against the upper teeth, in the case of [f]; the back of the tongue against the soft palate in the case of German [x] (the final consonant of Bach); or the side of the tongue against the molars, in the case of Welsh [ɬ] (appearing twice in ...

  4. Voiceless velar fricative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative

    The voiceless velar fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.It was part of the consonant inventory of Old English and can still be found in some dialects of English, most notably in Scottish English, e.g. in loch, broch or saugh (willow).

  5. Voiceless labial–velar fricative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_labial–velar...

    Some linguists posit voiceless approximants distinct from voiceless fricatives. To them, English /ʍ/ is an approximant [w̥], [3] a labialized glottal fricative [hʷ], or an [hw] sequence, not a velar fricative. [4] Scots /ʍ/ has been described as a velar fricative, [5] especially in older Scots, where it was [xw]. [6]

  6. Voiceless dental and alveolar lateral fricatives - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_dental_and...

    The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiceless dental, alveolar, and postalveolar lateral fricatives is [ɬ], and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is K. The symbol [ɬ] is called "belted l" and is distinct from "l with tilde", [ɫ] , which transcribes a different sound – the velarized (or pharynɡealized) alveolar ...

  7. Voiceless dental fricative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative

    The voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.It is familiar to most English speakers as the 'th' in think.Though rather rare as a phoneme among the world's languages, it is encountered in some of the most widespread and influential ones.

  8. Voiceless retroflex fricative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative

    Schematic mid-sagittal section. Features of the voiceless retroflex fricative: Its manner of articulation is sibilant fricative, which means it is generally produced by channeling air flow along a groove in the back of the tongue up to the place of articulation, at which point it is focused against the sharp edge of the nearly clenched teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.

  9. Voiceless uvular fricative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative

    Thus, in cases where a dialectal variation between voiceless uvular and velar fricatives is claimed the main difference between the two may be the trilling of the uvula as frication can be velar in both cases - compare Northern Dutch acht [ɑʀ̝̊˖t] 'eight' (with a postvelar-uvular fricative trill) with Southern Dutch [ɑxt] or [ɑx̟t ...