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Space medicine is a developing medical practice that studies the health of astronauts living in outer space. The main purpose of this academic pursuit is to discover how well and for how long people can survive the extreme conditions in space, and how fast they can re-adapt to the Earth's environment after returning from space.
You can survive three days without drinkable water; You can survive three hours in a harsh environment (extreme heat or cold). You can survive three minutes without breathable air (unconsciousness), or in icy water. Each line assumes that the one(s) before it are met. For example, if you have a large quantity of food and water yet are exposed ...
The life-support system may supply air, water and food. It must also maintain the correct body temperature, an acceptable pressure on the body and deal with the body's waste products. Shielding against harmful external influences such as radiation and micro-meteorites may also be necessary.
Space poses health challenges for astronauts who stay there for extended periods of time Boeing Starliner has returned to earth without its crew - but how long can they safely stay in space? Skip ...
At extreme altitudes, above 7,500 m (24,600 ft) [383 millibars (11.3 inHg; 5.55 psi) of atmospheric pressure], sleeping becomes very difficult, digesting food is near-impossible, and the risk of HAPE or HACE increases greatly. [11] [14] [15] In the death zone and higher, no human body can acclimatize.
Psychological and sociological effects of space flight are important to understanding how to successfully achieve the goals of long-duration expeditionary missions. Although robotic spacecraft have landed on Mars , plans have also been discussed for a human expedition , perhaps in the 2030s, [ 1 ] for a return mission.
Astronautical hygiene evaluates, and mitigates, hazards and health risks to those working in low-gravity environments. [1] The discipline of astronautical hygiene includes such topics as the use and maintenance of life support systems, the risks of the extravehicular activity, the risks of exposure to chemicals or radiation, the characterization of hazards, human factor issues, and the ...
[80] [81] In the first 28 U.S. Space Shuttle flights (2–11 d duration), serum insulin levels (n = 129) were elevated by 55% on landing day compared to before flight. [82] Russian space life science investigators reported two-fold or greater increases in insulin levels in three cosmonauts within 1 day after they returned from a 237-d flight. [83]