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In mathematics and statistics, sums of powers occur in a number of contexts: . Sums of squares arise in many contexts. For example, in geometry, the Pythagorean theorem involves the sum of two squares; in number theory, there are Legendre's three-square theorem and Jacobi's four-square theorem; and in statistics, the analysis of variance involves summing the squares of quantities.
Faulhaber also knew that if a sum for an odd power is given by = + = + + + + then the sum for the even power just below is given by = = + + (+ + + (+)). Note that the polynomial in parentheses is the derivative of the polynomial above with respect to a .
In 1966, a counterexample to Euler's sum of powers conjecture was found by Leon J. Lander and Thomas R. Parkin for k = 5: [1] 27 5 + 84 5 + 110 5 + 133 5 = 144 5. In subsequent years, further counterexamples were found, including for k = 4. The latter disproved the more specific Euler quartic conjecture, namely that a 4 + b 4 + c 4 = d 4 has no ...
James Waldby, A Table of Fifth Powers equal to a Fifth Power (2009) R. Gerbicz, J.-C. Meyrignac, U. Beckert, All solutions of the Diophantine equation a 6 + b 6 = c 6 + d 6 + e 6 + f 6 + g 6 for a,b,c,d,e,f,g < 250000 found with a distributed Boinc project; EulerNet: Computing Minimal Equal Sums Of Like Powers; Weisstein, Eric W. "Euler's Sum ...
The sum is taken over all combinations of nonnegative integer indices k 1 through k m such that the sum of all k i is n. That is, for each term in the expansion, the exponents of the x i must add up to n. [1] [a] In the case m = 2, this statement reduces to that of the binomial theorem. [1]
In mathematics, the Bernoulli numbers B n are a sequence of rational numbers which occur frequently in analysis.The Bernoulli numbers appear in (and can be defined by) the Taylor series expansions of the tangent and hyperbolic tangent functions, in Faulhaber's formula for the sum of m-th powers of the first n positive integers, in the Euler–Maclaurin formula, and in expressions for certain ...
Euler's sum of powers conjecture § k = 3, relating to cubes that can be written as a sum of three positive cubes; Plato's number, an ancient text possibly discussing the equation 3 3 + 4 3 + 5 3 = 6 3; Taxicab number, the smallest integer that can be expressed as a sum of two positive integer cubes in n distinct ways
In particular, the set of even integers that are not the sum of two primes has density zero. In 1951, Yuri Linnik proved the existence of a constant K such that every sufficiently large even number is the sum of two primes and at most K powers of 2. János Pintz and Imre Ruzsa found in 2020 that K = 8 works. [21]
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