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The thumb contrasts with each of the other four fingers by being the only one that: Is opposable to the other four fingers; Has two phalanges rather than three. However, recently there have been reports that the thumb, like other fingers, has three phalanges, but lacks a metacarpal bone. [3]
The condition is known by numerous names including clubbed thumb or club thumb. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] American researcher R.A. Hefner used the terms "short thumb" and "brachymegalodactylism" in 1924, [ 3 ] and "short thumb" has continued to be used in a few other studies since then, including the study that defined Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome in 1963 ...
Triphalangeal thumb (TPT) is a congenital malformation where the thumb has three phalanges instead of two. The extra phalangeal bone can vary in size from that of a small pebble to a size comparable to the phalanges in non-thumb digits. The true incidence of the condition is unknown, but is estimated at 1:25,000 live births. [1]
Brachyphalangy of the distal phalange of the thumb. This condition is caused by either fusion or early closure of the phalange's growth plate. One example is brachydactyly type D, which is caused by an early closure of the thumb's distal phalange, leading to a congenitally short thumb with a similarly short and wide thumb nail.
The classification of ulnar polydactyly exists of either two or three types. The two-stage classification, according to Temtamy and McKusick, involves type A and B. In type A there is an extra little finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint, or more proximal including the carpometacarpal joint. The little finger can be hypoplastic or fully ...
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Familial opposable triphalangeal thumb duplication is a limb malformation syndrome and a type of pre-axial polydactyly, characterized by having duplicated opposable triphalangeal thumbs. This condition can be a symptom of other genetic disorders, such as Holt–Oram syndrome and Fanconi anemia .
Didactyly (from Greek δι-di-'two') or bidactyly is the condition of having two digits on each limb, as in the Hypertragulidae and two-toed sloth, Choloepus didactylus. In humans this name is used for an abnormality in which the middle digits are missing, leaving only the thumb and fifth finger, or big and little toes.