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  2. Wikipedia : Today's featured article/November 29, 2010

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Today's_featured...

    It is the least electronegative element with stable isotopes, of which it has only one, caesium-133. Caesium is mined mostly from pollucite, while the radioisotopes, especially caesium-137, are extracted from waste produced by nuclear reactors. German chemists Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff discovered caesium in 1860 by flame spectroscopy.

  3. Robert Bunsen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bunsen

    Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen (German:; 30 March 1811 [a] – 16 August 1899) was a German chemist.He investigated emission spectra of heated elements, and discovered caesium (in 1860) and rubidium (in 1861) with the physicist Gustav Kirchhoff. [11]

  4. Caesium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesium

    [note 1] [74] [75] [76] Caesium was the first element to be discovered with a spectroscope, which had been invented by Bunsen and Kirchhoff only a year previously. [ 17 ] To obtain a pure sample of caesium, 44,000 litres (9,700 imp gal; 12,000 US gal) of mineral water had to be evaporated to yield 240 kilograms (530 lb) of concentrated salt ...

  5. Flame test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame_test

    In 1860, the unexpected appearance of sky-blue and dark red was observed in spectral emissions by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff, leading to the discovery of two alkali metals, caesium and rubidium (dark red). [4] [1] Today, this low-cost method is used in secondary education to teach students to detect metals in samples qualitatively. [2]

  6. Prices of chemical elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prices_of_chemical_elements

    Prices of hydrogen produced by distributed steam methane reforming, as predicted by H2A Production Model from United States Department of Energy, [9] assuming price of natural gas of US$3/MMBtu (US$10/MWh; US$0.10/m 3). Does not include cost of storage and distribution. 1: 2 H (D) Deuterium: 0.0001667 [10] 13 400: 2.23: 2020: CIL [11]

  7. Chemistry: A Volatile History - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry:_A_Volatile_History

    Bunsen was joined in his research by Gustav Kirchhoff. Kirchhoff used the concept of the dispersion of white light by a prism in the invention of the spectroscope , a device with a prism at its centre which split the light from Bunsen's flames into distinct bands of its constituent colours – the element's spectral lines .

  8. Anastasios Christomanos - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastasios_Christomanos

    He also worked at different chemical institutions. Around this period, Kirchhoff and Bunsen invented the spectroscope. Kirchhoff used the instrument to pioneer the identification of the elements in the Sun. In 1859, he showed that the Sun contained sodium. Kirchhoff and Bunsen discovered caesium and rubidium in 1861.

  9. List of German inventions and discoveries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_German_inventions...

    1860–61: Discovery of caesium and rubidium by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff [139] 1860: Erlenmeyer flask by Emil Erlenmeyer [ 140 ] 1863–64: Discovery of indium by Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter [ 141 ] [ 142 ] [ 143 ]